Keyes — The Guadalupan Series. 127 



rect stratigrapliic interpretation of the southern New 

 Mexican red beds, but it is wholly at variance with my 

 own observations in the region. I am quite familiar with 

 all of the localities visited by Messrs. Graton and Gordon. 

 In the Sierra Oscuro, the Sierra San Andreas, the Sierra 

 de los Caballos, the Sierra Manzano, and the Sierra San- 

 dia, and in every case where the black limestone appears 

 to hold a position higher than the red beds there are in- 

 disputable evidences of profound differential movements 

 of the strata along fault-lines. Singularly enough, the 

 only place where the direct evidence of faulting is not 

 yet fully determined is the identical locality where the 

 authors mentioned say that the black superior limestone 

 is missing from its normal position, above the red-beds. 

 This is on the east side of the Sandia mountains, and the 

 dark limestone in inclined beds rises to a height of several 

 hundreds of feet abruptly out of the red-beds. It may be 

 that the Red-beds of Kansas are older than the Guada- 

 lupan series but much stronger evidences shall have to 

 be forthcoming before I shall be willing to admit that 

 the Cimarronian Red-beds are the stratigrapliic repre- 

 sentatives of the Hueco limestones, or of the Bernalillo 

 red shales. 



Whether or not the great Guadalupan series, 3500 feet 

 in thickness, is above or beneath the Cimarronian Red- 

 beds is immaterial in the present connection; the impor- 

 tant consideration is that there is small doubt but that it 

 is much younger than any of the so-called Permian beds 

 of Kansas (Oklahoman). The stratigrapliic position and 

 faunal horizon of the Guadalupan series have close rela- 

 tionships with those of the original Permian of Russia. 

 This is the only section yet discovered in America which 

 satisfies the conditions of such a correlation. The recent 

 investigations amply attest the correctness of Shumard's 

 early work and the astuteness with which his main con- 

 clusions were drawn. It has taken half a century to put 

 the proper estimate upon his efforts. 



The final elimination of the so-called Kansas Permian 



