Toads. Bufonidae: Bufo 



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Fig. 3. 1. Parotoid. 2. Tympanum (ear). 3. Warts at angle of mouth. 

 4. Gland on femur. 5. Glands on tibia. 6. Two metatarsal (sole) 

 tubercles. 7. Two metacarpal (palmar) tubercles. 8. Crests united 

 forming a prominent raised boss between the eyes. 9. Canthus 

 rostralis. 10. Canthal crest. 11. Preorbital crest. 12. Supraorbital 

 crest. 13. Postorbital crest. 14. Preparotoid crest. 15. Parietal crest. 

 16. Folds of skin of lower throat of male, covered at periods of rest by 

 the lapette (17). 17. Lapette or apron at rear of throat of male. 

 18. Interparotoid interval. 



a. Gland on leg; fold skin on tarsus; warts at angle of mouth. 



b. Crests curved around rear of eye; size large, 3 1/5-6 3/ $ 



inches (80-165 mm.); skin smooth; head broad (2.2- 



2.8 in L.); color uniform; glands conspicuous on both 



tibia and femur; tympanum medium (12-15 in L.). 



Colorado River toad. Bufo alvarius. Plate IX. 



bb. Crests absent; gland on tibia only; pitted warts on 

 back; tympanum small (14-26 in L.). 

 c. Dimorphic; interparotoid interval less than width 

 of gland; parotoid and leg gland obscured by pat- 

 tern; skin smooth; male uniform green; female 

 spotted; size small 2-3 inches (50-75 mm.). 



Yosemite toad. Bufo canorus. Plate XIV. 



cc. Not dimorphic; parotoids widely separated, in- 

 terval greater than width of gland; parotoid and 

 leg glands evident; size medium to large 2 1/4-5 

 inches (56-125 mm.). Bufo boreas (2 subspecies). 



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