d. Eyelid narrower (i 1 .8-14.6 in L.) ; eye smaller 

 (9.4-1 1.7 in L.); head narrower (2.66-3.1 in 

 L.); "spread of hind foot from end of first toe 

 to the fifth toe more than 2&% of length." 

 (Storer) 



Northwestern toad. Bufo boreas boreas. Plate XI. 



dd. Eyelid wider (9.3-12 in L.); eye larger (8.2- 

 10.5 in L.); head wider (2.4-2.85 in L.); 

 "spread of hind foot . . . less than 36% of 

 . . . length." (Storer) 

 California toad. Bufo boreas halophilus. Plate XII. 



aa. No gland on leg; no fold of skin on tarsus. 



b. Femur almost entirely enclosed in body skin; vocal 

 sac elliptical (sausage); 2 sole (metatarsal) tubercles 

 with cutting edge, 

 c. Crests prominent; boss on snout; interorbital nar- 

 row (n-19 in L.) — less than internasal; mid- 

 dorsal stripe and light bordered large dark spots 

 (sometimes small spots). 



Great Plains toad. Bufo cognatus. Plate XV. 



cc. Crests absent; interorbital broad (9.7-1 1.7 in L.) 

 — greater than internasal; drab with small dull 

 citrine spots. 



Spadefoot toad. Bufo compactilis. Plate XVI. 



bb. Half or more of femur free from body skin; outer 

 metatarsal tubercle without cutting edge. 

 c. Parotoids oval to elongate (sometimes triangular 

 in Bufo quercicus). 

 d. Crests absent or obscure; parotoids broadly 

 oval, divergent; interorbital broad (9.4-1 1.8 

 in L.), narrowing forward. 

 Southern California toad. Bufo californicus. Plate XIII. 



dd. Crests present. 



e. Size small 3/4-1 1/4 inches (19-32 mm.) 

 vocal sac a sausage; mouth small (4-4.6 

 in L.); tympanum small (14-20 in L.); 

 snout long (5.7-7 in L.); yellow stripe 

 down mid-back; many red tubercles. 



Oak toad. Bufo quercicus. Plate XXII. 



ee. Size greater 1 5/8-4 3/4 inches (40-118 

 mm.). 



18 



