female like the rest of the under parts. When inflated, the black of 

 the throat is thickly dotted with white round flecks. In a pair, the 

 male Bufo fowleri is usually darker than the female. Of live toads 

 sent us from Virginia, we wrote: These are small toads with low crests. 

 One is dull greenish in color, one reddish brown, each with a light 

 mid-dorsal line. The warts are small, rounded and generally uniform 

 in size. There are several warts grouped in each dark spot of the 

 dorsal pattern. The parotoids are elliptic and nearest together at 

 their mid-points. The ventral surfaces are buffy. The throats of the 

 males are greenish black. One toad has the black pectoral spot, an- 

 other one lacks it. Both toads have dark bands along the sides. One 

 has considerable yellow in groin, on rear of the femur, and on tibia 

 and tarsus. 



Structure: Crests variable, at times forming a boss; adults never 

 reaching the greater size of B. americanus; warts on back small and 

 uniform; no preparotoid ridge from parotoid to postorbital. 



Voice: The song is a screech or wail, a striking nasal whir-r-r-r. 

 H. A. Allard described it as "a brief penetrating droning scream." 



Breeding: They breed from April 15 or earlier to mid-August. In 

 a given locality, this form breeds later than the American toad. The 

 eggs are in long fijes, crowded at first in a double row, and numbering 

 as many as 8,000. The egg is 1/25-1/16 inch (1-1.4 mm.), the 

 outer tube 1/10-3/16 inch (2.6-4.6 mm.), the inner tube absent. 

 The tadpole is small, 1 1/12 inches (27 mm.), its greatest width to- 

 ward the rear of the body. The tail crests are low, the tooth ridges 2/3. 

 After a tadpole period of 40 to 60 days, they transform from mid- 

 June to August or later at 5/16-1/2 inch (7.5-1 1.5 mm.). 



Notes: June 1, 1917. About six miles beyond Dinwiddie, Va., 

 near the road, we found several files of toad's eggs. In one case the 

 string was a file 8 or 10 ft. long in the current. In another case, in a 

 backwater, the mass was tangled around sticks. In most cases the 

 file contains a double row of eggs. The note we questioned yesterday 

 evening was Bufo fowleri. It is quite different from the sweet droning 

 note of Bufo americanus. 



April 16, 1 921. St. Augustine grounds, Raleigh, N. C. In the 

 stream near the edge we found also Fowler's toad eggs wrapped 

 around plants. They were in shallow turbid areas, cattle punched, 

 and in water two to four inches deep. Many were laid last night. 



Where the Fowler's toad and American toad are recorded in the 

 same region the latter would more likely occur in the more swampy, 

 higher, colder, and more inland habitats. 



6S 



