or four rows. There is a dark spot on the top of either eyelid. There 

 is a light line along the jaw, below the ear and over the arm, bordered 

 below with a dark stripe. The legs are barred with light-bordered 

 dark bands. Beneath, it is a glistening white. 



Structure: Lateral folds prominent; head shorter than R. spheno- 

 cephala; snout medium; vocal sacs of males, lateral, between tym- 

 panum and arm; swelling out as round balls over the arms, with 

 extensions down the sides; round spots on back outlined with light; 

 more spots below dorsolateral fold than in Rana sphenocephala. 



Voice: The croak is a long, low guttural note, 3 or more seconds 

 long, followed by 3-6 short notes each a second or less in length, or 

 the short notes may precede or be interspersed. The call is given by 

 males on the surface, or from males beneath the water on the bottom. 



Breeding: They breed from April 1 to May 15. The egg mass is a 

 flattened sphere, 3-6 inches (75-150 mm.) by 2-3 inches (50-75 mm.). 

 The eggs are black and white, 1/16 inch (1.6 mm.) in diameter, the 

 envelopes 1/8 inch (3.4 mm.) and 1/5 inch (5 mm.). The tadpole is 

 large, 3 3/8 inches (84 mm.), the tail lighter than the body, its crests 

 translucent marked with fine spots and pencilings. The tooth ridges 

 are 2/3, 2/3- After a tadpole period of 60 to 80 days, they transform 

 in July at 3/4-1 r/4 inches (18-31 mm.). 



Notes: April 11, 1907. Ithaca, N. Y. In Bool's backwater, I found 

 one bunch of Rana pipiens eggs. Just before I found them I heard a 

 croak under my feet. There were two frogs trying to escape, a male 

 and a female. . . . The dead stream running east furnished some good 

 notes. I heard several croaks from frogs at the surface. It is a low 

 croak. I captured a male Rana pipiens. Around were 8 bunches of 

 eggs. Rana pipiens eggs are not in the spherical masses that we find 

 with Rana sylvatica. They are more flat; the longest diameter may be 

 5 or 6 inches, but seldom is the other diameter more than 1 1/2 or 2 

 inches. Rana pipiens usually seeks places where the edges are grassy. 



April 25, 191 1. Dwyer's Pond, Ithaca, N. Y. Surface temperature 

 56 , bottom temperature 48 . I found several new bunches of Rana 

 pipiens eggs, countless old bunches, immense Rana pipiens areas of 

 25-40 bunches, and several Rana pipiens croaking. 



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