75. With beak'like, piercing and sucking mouth parts; not ant'Hke 76. 

 With biting and chewing mouth parts; may or may not be ant-Hke 77. 



76. Beak arising from back of lower side of head 



Homoptera Cicada, Tree and Leaf Hoppers, Frog'spit, Aphids 

 (Hemiptera (part) ) 

 Beak arising from front side of lower part of head 



Heteroptera True Bugs 

 (Hemiptera (part) ) 



77. Body narrow and elongated; legs long, about one-half as long as the body 



Orthoptera, Phasmidae and Mantidae 

 Walking-sticks and Praying Mantes 

 Body not markedly elongate; legs long or short 78. 



78. Hind leg long and specialized for jumping, or else with the front legs 



very short and stout and modified for digging 79. 



Neither hind nor front legs showing any marked specialization 80. 



79. Jumping animals 



Orthoptera; Acrididae, Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae 

 Grasshoppers and Crickets 

 Digging animals 



Orthoptera; Grylhdae (part), Gryllotalpinae Mole-crickets 



80. Not ant-like; no narrow ''waist"; color not yellowish or very light brown 



Coleoptera Beetles 

 Ant-like; either with a very narrow "waist" or else yellowish or very 

 light brown in color 81. 



81. No marked "waist"; antennae not abruptly bent; color yellowish or very 



light brown 



Isoptera Termites, "White Ants" 

 With a very narow "waist" or constriction of the anterior part of the 

 abdomen; antennae usually with an abrupt bend 82. 



82. With an upturned ridge or knob on "waist"; never hairy 



Hymenoptera, Formicidae True Ants 

 No knob or ridge on "waist"; sometimes covered with velvety hairs; 

 sometimes with red and yellow markings 



Hymenoptera, MutiUidae Velvet Ants 



GENERAL REFERENCES 



Blatchley, W. S. 1910. An Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleop- 

 tera or Beetles. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Ind. 



Brues, C. T. and Melander, A. L. 1932. Classification of Insects. Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool. (Harvard), Vol. 73. Cambridge, Mass. 



Chu, H. F. 1949. How to Know the Immature Insects. Wm. C. Brown Co. 

 Dubuque, Iowa. 



Comstock, J. H. 1925. An Introduction to Entomology. Comstock Pub- 

 lishing Company, Ithaca, N. Y. 



Essig, E. O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. Macmillan, N. Y. 



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