foot; about thirty-five inches long; aquatic; Family Amphiumidae 12. 

 Body less extreme; with more toes on each foot 13. 



12. With two toes on each foot; southeastern states 



Amphiuma means means Garden Congo Snake or Eel, Blind Eel 

 With three toes on each foot; Missouri and Kentucky to Louisiana and 

 Florida 



Amphiuma means tridactylum Cuvier Three-toed Congo Snake 



13. Body heavy and much depressed, with a conspicuous, wrinkled fold of 



skin along each side; about two feet long; aquatic; Family Crypto^ 

 hranchidae 



Cryptohranchus allegay^iensis (Daudin) Hell-bender 

 No folds of skin so situated; smaller 14. 



14. Costal grooves (vertical creases along the sides of the body between the 



fore and hind limbs) absent or almost so; vomerine teeth (on roof of 



mouth) in two long convergent or nearly parallel, lengthwise rows; 



no parasphenoid teeth; Family Salamandridae Newts 15. 



Costal grooves present; teeth not so 22. 



15. Back uniformly brown to black; West Coast 16. 

 Back greenish, brownish, or orange -red, usually with spots or stripes; 



east of the Rockies 18. 



16. Back very dark brown to black; belly red; eyes dark brown; northern 



California 



Triturus rividaris Twitty Red-bellied Newt 

 Back variously brown; belly yellow or orange; eyes not so 17. 



17. Vomerine teeth in a V-shaped pattern, diverging posteriorly; California 



northward through Oregon 



Triturus granulosus (Skilton) Oregon Newt 

 Vomerine teeth in two nearly parallel rows, bent abruptly sideways pos' 

 teriorly; California 



Triturus torosus (Rathke) Giant California Newt 

 (and related species) 



18. With a broken or entire red stripe along each side of back 19. 

 Not so 20. 



19. Red stripes bordered with black; N. and S. CaroHna 



Triturus viridescens dorsalis (Harlan) Carolina Newt 

 (Triturus viridescens symmetrica (Harlan) ) 

 Red stripes often dusky but not definitely black bordered; Georgia and 

 Florida 



Triturus perstriatus Bishop Striped Newt 



20. With black-edged red spots in a row on each side of the back (water 



stage has back greenish, land stage red or orange) ; west to Illinois and 

 south to Georgia 



Triturus viridescens viridescens (Raf.) Common Newt or 



Red Eft (Land stage) 

 (Diemyctylus viridescens of Cope) 

 Spots plain red or black 21. 



318 



