21. With black spots dorsally; Texas 



Tnturus meridionaUs (Cope) Black-spotted Newt 

 With small black dots and scattered reddish spots dorsally; Wis. to 

 Florida and Texas 



Triturus viridescens louisianensis (WolterstorfF) Louisiana Newt 



22. With an exceedingly fine, unpigmented groove (or sometimes apparently 



a ridge) running from nostril to mouth almost vertically; with a gular 

 fold; with parasphenoid teeth; Family Plethodontidae 23. 



No naso'labial grooves; often lacking a gular fold; no parasphenoid 

 teeth; vomerine teeth running crosswise or slightly obliquely; Family 

 Amhystomidae 89. 



23. Tongue attached at the anterior margin 24. 

 Tongue free at the anterior margin (attached in the middle) 65. 



24. A blind, white, cave form found in Missouri and Kansas to Oklahoma 



Typhlotnton spelaeus Stejneger Cave Salamander 

 With functional eyes; pigmented 25. 



25. Hind foot with four toes only 26. 

 Hind foot with five toes, one of which may be very small 29. 



26. With fourteen costal grooves; with a row of black spots on each side of 



belly; eastern and central states 



Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel) Eastern Four-toed 

 Salamander 

 With sixteen or more costal grooves; West Coast 27. 



27. Toes half webbed; body moderately stout; Oregon 



Plethops^s wrighti Bishop Wright's Four-toed Salamander 

 Toes scarcely or not webbed; body worm-like 28. 



28. Belly finely and evenly reticulated with black; with a light mid-dorsal 



stripe; West Coast 



Batrachoseps attennatus (Eschscholtz) Western Worm Salaman' 

 der 

 Belly unevenly black dotted; mid-dorsal stripe faint to absent; California 

 Batrachoseps paaficus (Cope) California Worm Salamander 



29. With two tubercles on the palm of each front foot; tail constricted at 



base; with eleven to thirteen costal grooves; West Coast 30. 



No tubercles on palms; tail not constricted at base; with eleven to twenty 



one costal grooves 33. 



30. Back uniformly brownish above; West Coast 



Eyisatma eschscholtzii eschscholtzii Gray Western Red 

 Salamander 

 Back irregularly colored 31. 



31. Back light brownish, with darker spots and markings; Cal. and Oregon 



Ensatma eschscholtzii picta Wood Western Painted Salamander 

 Back dark brown to black, with yellow spots or blotches 32. 



32. With large yellow blotches on back, often joined above to form cross 



bands; tail barred above; legs yellow; Cal. 



Ensatina croceater (Cope) Western Yellow-barred Salamander 



319 



