Psendotrjton montanns fiavissunus (Hallovvell) 

 Gulf Red Salamander 

 Back and sides dark spotted or blotched; tail spotted or clear 84. 



84. Back with several well separated dark spots 85. 

 Back with many dark spots closer together 86. 



85. Back reddish'brown, much clouded with dark; N. Y. to Georgia, west' 



ward to Tcnn. 



Pseudotnton montanus montanus (Baird) Mountain Red Sala- 

 mander, Spring "Lizard'" 

 Back red to brownish, unclouded; Ohio to Virginia and Tenn. 



Pseudotriton montanus diastictus Bishop Cave Red Salamander 



86. Back dark blotched or with irregular spots tending to fuse in old speci- 



mens; belly usually spotted 87. 



Back with distinctly separate and more regular dark spots; belly usually 



clear 88. 



87. Legs spotted below; with light dots on snout; Georgia to Louisiana 



Pseudotriton ruber luoscai Bishop Viosca's Red Salamander 

 Legs unspotted below; snout not light dotted; N. Y. to Georgia and 

 Miss. 



Pseudotriton ruber ruber (Sonnini) Northern Red Salamander 



88. Chin black; tail unspotted toward the tip; southern Blue Ridge Mountain 



area 



Pseudotriton ruber scheyic}{i (Brimlcy) Southern Blue Ridge 

 Red Salamander 

 Chin light, sometimes dark dotted; tail almost free from spots; northern 

 Blue Ridge Mountain area 



Pseudotriton ruber mtidus Dunn Northern Blue Ridge Red 

 Salamander 



89. Back brown, marbled with darker color; costal grooves obscure; tail very 



thin and keeled toward the tip; Washington to Cal. and Idaho 



Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz) Brown Shasta Salamander 

 Color not so; costal grooves more distinct; tail stouter 90. 



90. With a broad, light, mid-dorsal band; Washington to Cal., eastward to 



Iowa 



Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird Western Long-toed Sala- 

 mander 

 Light color, if present on back, in spots, blotches or cross bars or in dor 

 solateral series 91 



91. Dorsal light color forming some bars on back or sides 92 

 Dorsal light color, if present, generally distributed in spots or blotches 



on back or sides or concentrated in dorsolateral series 95 



92. With whitish cross bars 93 

 With yellowish cross bars 94 



93. With 11 or 12 costal grooves on each side; with broad, white cross bars, 



often joined on the sides and ladder-like in appearance; N. H. to 

 Florida and Texas, and northward in the Mississippi Valley to Il- 

 linois 



327 



