OUTLINE OF CLASSIFICATION OF NATIVE FROGS AND TOADS 



Order SALIENTIA (or Anura) of Class AMPHIBIA 



Tail not retained by adult; pectoral and pelvic girdles specialized 

 Family ASCAPHIDAE (or Discogloss^dae) Bell or Ribbed Toads 



With tail-like process (male) or short anal tube (female) ; pupil 



vertical (by day); no visible tympanum; ribs present; upper jaw 



with teeth 



One genus — Ascaphus (1 species) 

 Family SCAPHIOPODIDAE (or Pelohatidae) Spadefoot Toads 



Pupil vertical (by day); upper jaw with teeth; parotoid glands 



round or indistinct; no cranial crests; with a large, horny digging 



process on heel 



One genus — Scaphiopus (6 species) 

 Family BUFONIDAE True Toads 



No teeth in jaws; parotoid glands oval or reniform; cranial crests 



usually present; with a small digging process on heel 



One genus — Bufo (17 species) 

 Family HYLIDAE Tree Frogs 



With circular discs on ends of digits; skin of belly usually granular; 



upper jaw with teeth; no parotoid glands or cranial crests; thumbs of 



males not enlarged 



Three genera — Acris (2 species) 



Pseudacns (6 species) 

 Hyla (12 species) 

 Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE Barking or Robber Frogs 



Ends of digits T-shaped (with transverse discs) ; skin of belly usually 



smooth; otherwise much like the HyUdae 



Three genera — Leptodactylus (1 species) 



Eleutherodactylus (2 species) 

 Syrrhophus (2 species) 

 Family RANIDAE Common Frogs 



Upper jaw with teeth; without toe discs or parotoid glands; toes well 



webbed; thumb of male enlarged at base; tympanum evident 



One genus — Rana (17 species) 

 Family BREVICIPITIDAE Narrow-mouthed Frogs 



No teeth in jaws; head very small; no tympanum visible 



Two genera — Gastrophryne (3 species) 

 Hypopachus (1 species) 



KEY TO THE PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF TADPOLES 



1 . Tadpole stage completed in the egg jelly 



Family Leptodactylidae Robber Frogs 



33S 



