With a free-swimming tadpole stage 2. 



2. Spiracle situated in the mid'ventral line 3. 

 Spiracle situated on the left side 4. 



3. No labial teeth; spiracle next to the anus; usually with some white color 



dorsally 



Family Brevicipitidae Narrow-mouthed Toads 

 With labial teeth; spiracle near the middle of the belly; body dark 

 Family Ascaphidae Bell Toad 



4. Anus situated in the mid-line 5. 

 Anus situated slightly to the right of the base of the tail 6. 



5. With three to six rows of labial teeth above (these rows may or may not 



be broken) ; with four to six rows of labial teeth below 



Family Scaphiopodidae Spadefoot Toads 

 With two rows of labial teeth above; with three rows of labial teeth 

 below 



Family Bufonidae True Toads 



6. Tail crest high and extending far forward on the body; with two rows 



of labial teeth above; with two or three rows of labial teeth below 



Family Hylidae Tree Frogs 

 Tail crest usually not high or extending much forward on the body; with 

 two or more rows of labial teeth above; with three or more rows of 

 labial teeth below 



Family Ramdae True Frogs 



KEY TO THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF FROGS AND TOADS 



1. Head and mouth noticeably small in proportion to the body; no visible 



tympanum; with a fold of skin running crosswise behind the eyes; 



Family Brevicipitidae Narrow-mouthed Toads 2. 



Not so 5. 



2. With two large tubercles on the sole of the hind foot; Texas 



Hypopachus cuneus Cope Taylor's Toad 

 With one small tubercle on the sole of the hind foot 3. 



3. Belly plain; body slender, greatest width being one-half or less the length; 



Kansas to Texas 



Gastrophryne olivacea (Hallowell) Western Narrow-mouthed 



Toad 

 Microhyla olivacea (Hallowell) 

 (Gastrophryne texensis (Girard) ) 

 Belly spotted; body stout, greatest width being more than one-half the 

 length 4. 



4. Usually with a dark stripe or band running obliquely down each side of 



back; skin relatively smooth; length of leg to heel equals the length of 

 the body from the insertion of the arm backwards; Indiana to Florida 

 and Texas 



Gastrophryne carolinensis (Holbrook) Eastern Narrow-mouthed 

 Toad 



Microhyla carohnensis (Holbrook) 



341 



