Family PHALAROPODIDAE Phalaropes 



Toes with side webs or lobes; tarsus flattened 

 (3 genera, 3 species) 

 Suborder LARI Gulls, Terns, Skimmers, etc. 



Legs short, centrally placed; toes usually four (three in one 

 genus); feet webbed in front; beak sharply pointed, often 

 hooked, adapted for a fish diet; wings long and narrow 

 Family STERCORARIIDAE Jaegers and Skuas 



Upper bill in more than one piece, with a cere at the base 

 and a swollen, hooked tip 

 (2 genera, 5 species) 

 Family LARIDAE Gulls and Terns 



Upper bill in one piece, either hooked (gulls) or straight 

 (terns) 



(10 genera, 27 species) 

 Family RYNCHOPIDAE Skimmers 



Beak straight; lower bill longer than the upper 

 ( 1 genus, 1 species) 

 Suborder ALGAE Auks, Puffins, etc. 



Sea birds; legs short, placed very far back; tarsus flattened; 

 with three tacs, webbed and with narrow claws; wings rather 

 short and wide 

 Family ALGIDAE Auks, Murres and Puffins 

 With the characters of the order 

 (11 genera, 16 species) 

 Order GOLUMBIFORMES Pigeon-like Birds 



Land birds; tibia feathered; with four toes, all on the same level, 

 scarcely or not webbed; nostrils opening through a fleshy mem' 

 brane or covering of skin (cere) at the base of the beak; beak 

 slender, straight 



Family COLUMBIDAE Pigeons and Doves 

 With the characters of the order 

 (6 genera, 8 species) 



(1 extinct genus and species and several introduced species 

 of various genera) 

 Order PSITTAGIFORMES Paroquets and Parrots 



Land birds; tibia feathered; toes permanently two before and two 

 behind, not webbed; beak with cere; lower bill scoop'shaped; beak 

 adapted for a vegetarian diet 

 Family PSITTACIDAE Paroquets and Parrots 

 With the characters of the order 

 ( 1 genus, 1 species now extinct) 



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