Family TROGLODYTIDAE Wrens 



With ten primaries, the first less than two-thirds but more 

 than one'half the second; tarsus scaled in front and with 

 an almost bare ridge behind; beak slender, not hooked, 

 without conspicuous bristles at base; nostrils exposed; tail 

 feathers graduated; birds usually smaller than a robin 

 (9 genera, 9 species) 

 Family MIMIDAE Mocking-birds 



With ten primaries, the first less than two-thirds but more 

 than one-half the second; tarsus scaled in front and with 

 an almost bare ridge behind; beak slender, somewhat 

 curved, not hooked, usually with erect bristles at base; 

 nostrils exposed; tail feathers graduated; birds about the 

 size of a robin 

 (4 genera, 10 species) 

 Family TURDIDAE Thrushes and Bluebirds 



With ten primaries, the first very short, less than one- 

 third the second; tarsus almost without scales; tip of up- 

 per bill notched; with bristles at the base of the beak; end 

 of tail usually square; moderate sized birds 

 (6 genera, 12 species) 

 Family SYLVIIDAE Warblers, Gnatcatchers, Kinglets 



With ten primaries, the first about one-third the second; 

 tarsus without scales behind and usually unsealed before; 

 beak slender, sometimes slightly notched at the tip; tail 

 long and graduated; very small birds 

 (3 genera, 4 species) 

 Family MOTACILLIDAE Wagtails and Pipits 



Apparently with nine primaries, the first two almost equal 

 in length; tarsus scaled before and with an almost bare 

 ridge behind; hind claw much lengthened; inner secon- 

 daries about as long as the primaries in the closed wing 

 ( 1 genus, 2 species) 

 Family BOMBYCILLIDAE Waxwings 



Apparently with nine primaries, the first two almost equal 

 in length; tarsus scaled before and with an almost bare 

 ridge behind; beak short and wide, slightly notched near 

 tip; no bristles at the base of the beak; nostrils concealed 

 by tiny feathers; head crested; end of tail square 

 (1 genus, 2 species) 

 Family PTILOGONATIDAE Phainopeplas 



With ten primaries, the first less than two thirds the sec 



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