plane, with sharp points projecting from the edge; Maine to Montana, 

 and southward to Yellowstone 



Alee americana (Clinton) American Moose 

 (Alces americana (Clinton) ) 

 (Paralces americana (Clinton) ) 

 End of nose between the nostrils without hair; with or without upper 

 canines; antlers slender and more branched (in male only) 8. 



8. With upper canine teeth; antlers, when present, curved backwards, the 



tines or branches arising from the front side; now restricted to the 



western states 9. 



No upper canines; antlers, when present, curved forward, the tines arising 



from the back side 10. 



9. Color dark above; western states 



Cervus canadensis (Erxleben) Wapiti, American Elk 

 Color light brown; California 



Cervus nannodes Merriam California Elk 



10. Tail conspicuously white on the under side; tines of antlers not forked; 



generally distributed 



Odocoileus virginianus (Boddaert) Virginia or White'tailed 

 Deer (Many intergrading subspecies) 

 End of tail dark below; tines of antlers forked 11. 



11. Upper part of tail white; tail half bare beneath; plains and Rocky Moun' 



tain states 



Odocoileus hemionus (Raf.) Mule Deer 

 Upper part of tail dark; tail furred beneath; Pacific states 



Odocoileus columhianus (Richardson) Black'tailed Deer 

 (Considered to be a subspecies of the preceding) 



12. Horns, which are curved slightly backwards, each with a small anterior 



tine or branch; outer layer of horns shed annually; no dew claws; 

 western states; Family Antilocapridae 



Antilocapra americana (Ord) Pronghorn Antelope 

 Horns unbranched, permanent; dew claws (small hoofs behind and above 

 the principal hoofs) present; Family Bovidae (part) 13. 



13. Chin with a beard; hair very long, whitish; with small black horns curved 



slightly backwards; Idaho north and west 



Oreaynnos americanus (Blainville) Rocky Mountain Goat 

 (Really an antelope) 

 No beard on chin; hair shorter, brownish; horns of male massive, curved 

 backwards, outwards, and around at sides of head; horns of female 

 small and curved slightly backwards; horns of both sexes brown; New 

 Mexico north and west 



Ovis canadensis Shaw Bighorn Mountain Sheep 



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