The human transport of animals across the Northern Atlantic 



151 



(Photo P. Ardo.) 



FIG. 12. Bembidion tetracolum Say {iistulatiim auctt.) in Newfoundland. An introduced 

 Carabid beetle with "immature" disjunct area, constantly fligthless on this island. 



t N. bignttatus F. 



Patrobus septentrionis Dej. 



(different subspecies) 



Pelophila borealis Payk. 



(different subspecies) 

 f Pristonychus terricola Hbst. 



Pterostichus adstrictiis Eschz. 



P. brevicornis Kby. 



(different subspecies) 

 t P. melanarius 111. (vulgaris auctt.) 

 t P. streniius Panz. 

 t Trechus rubens F. 



Trichocellus cognattis Gyll. 



Species regarded as introduced are 23 in number. This has been decided on 

 the basis of "the five criteria" (above, p. 135 a.f.), in the following way: 



I. On HISTORICAL evidence. Three species, Amara aulica, A. bifrons, and 

 Harpalus rufipes, easy to collect and now common in the southwest of New- 

 foundland, were not captured during the intense collecting carried out in this 

 region in the period 1905-15 by several skilled collectors (Lindroth, 1955a, p. 8). 

 They are probably the result of later introduction. On the other hand, Amara fulva 

 and Bembidion bruxellense were taken there by P. G. Bolster in 1905 and 1907, 

 respectively, the first North American records. Other first-records were made 

 outside the area: Carabus nemoralis in New Brunswick, 1870; Bembidion stephensi at 



