The human transport of animals across the Northern Atlantic 183 



vulgaris maritima, Glaux maritima, Puccinellia maritima (dom.), Triglochin 

 maritimum, &c. 



Collected animals: 



Coleoptera 9 species 



Carabidae 4 » No "emigrants". 



Via. Fremington, pr. Barnstaple (N. Devon), i.VI. 54 (map, fig. 22).— This 

 little port, situated about 2 miles west of Barnstaple, was selected on the advice 

 of Mr. Alfred E. Blackwell, Curator of the North Devon Athenaeum, his reason 

 being that this is the only place along the Taw estuary where in- and outgoing 

 ships to and from Barnstaple come close to land (cf. fig. 22) and thus would be 

 easily accessible to vessels requiring ballast. The collecting was carried out along 

 the quay, on dry and hard, artificially fiUed-out soil (mainly coke). Dominating 

 plants were the three Trifolium species, campestre (procumbens), pratense, and 

 repens. 



Collected animals: 



b— Muddlebridge, east of Fremington. On saline clayish soil around upper tidal 

 limit, at the bottom of a small estuary. Among bunches of straw and leaf in dense 

 vegetation of Phragmites communis. The Carabid beetle Pogonus chalceus Mrsh. 

 under Halimione (Obione) pedunculata. 



Collected animals: 



Coleoptera 16 (2) species 



Carabidae 1 1 (2) » 



FIG. 25. Barges taking sand and gravel at low tide on "The Crow", north of Appledore 

 (visible in the background to the left), N. Devon. 



In old days the stuff was then shovelled on board the larger vessels used in the 

 transatlantic fishing trade. At the time of the photo (about 1900), the gravel was 

 principally used for concrete work. 



Photo taken by a Mr. Fox and published by permission of the National Maritime 

 Museum, London, through Mr. David R. MacGregor. 



