jg8 CHAPTER II 



B. On saline places (loc. I c, V c, VI b). 



tt Artemisia vulgaris L. Phragmites communis Trin. 



Beta vulgaris maritima L. * Piiccinellia maritima Huds. 



* Glaux maritima L. * Spergularia (Spergula) salina Presl. 



Halimione (Obione) pedunadata L. {marina auctt., p. p.) 



t Hordeiim murimim L. tt Triglochin maritimum L. 

 tt Matricaria maritima maritima L. 



C. On sand (loc. V a). 



t Ammophila (Psamma) arenaria L. Euphorbia paralias L. 



tt Anagallis arvensis L. E. portlandica L. 



tt Cirsium arvense L. Ononis repens repens L. 



t Cynoglossum officinale L. tt Senecio jacobaea L. 



t Erodium ciciitarium L. 



The plant list gives very clear evidence. Of the total number of 77 species, 

 72 (94 per cent) are known to occur in North America and no less than 65 (84 per 

 cent) are there regarded as European introductions, 44 species (57 per cent) also 

 in Newfoundland. 



If only the flora of waste ground (63 species) is considered, all plants except 

 Kentranthus ruber (wich is originally introduced in the British Isles) are recorded 

 from North America and all the rest, except Geranium robertianum and Matricaria 

 matricarioides, are regarded as adventives from Europe, that is 95 per cent! 

 42 of these (67 per cent) occur in Newfoundland. 



It may be concluded that ballast transport has been still more efficient in carrying 

 plants across the Atlantic than in carrying the lower terrestrial fauna. This is not 

 surprising, considering the generally higher resistance and longer diapause (period 

 of rest) in plant diaspores by which they no doubt as a rule are more suited to 

 endure the voyage. 



The reduced number of species common to Europe and North America among 

 the plants of saline localities and of pure sand is in conformity with the results 

 obtained from the fauna (below, p. 199). 



The selection of animal species which managed to cross the Atlantic 



The successful transport of an animal species with ballast from one continent 

 to another involves a long series of lucky chances. One would be inclined, perhaps, 

 to tegard the selection of species which survived the adventure as a matter of 



