202 CHAPTER II 



TABLE 6. Coleoptera from the ballast places of southwestern England divided into 

 certain biological and ecological groups. 



1st column. Selection of stratum.^ 



t = terricolous (ground-living); (t) = regularly climbing the vegetation 

 p = planticolous (plant-living). 



True subterraneous species were not considered. 



2nd column. Selection of moisture.^ 



X = xerophilous (preferring dry places); (x) = less pronounced 



m = mesophilous (intermediate) 



h = hygrophilous (preferring wet places); (h) = less pronounced. 



3rd column. Selection of soil. 2 



c = on waste ground; (c) = also on sand or (and) saline soil 



s = on pure sand (loc. V a) 



t = on saline soil (tidal zone, ± clayish). 



4th column. Selection of food.i 



p = phytophagous (feeding on living plants, incl. mosses and fungi) 



z = zoophagous (feeding on other animals) 



s = schizophagous (feeding on decomposing organic matters) 



o = zoo- or schizophagous; m = mixed diet. 



5th column. Specialisation on food.^ 



m = monophagous (restricted to plants or animals belonging to one single genus) 

 o = oligophagous (restricted to plants or animals belonging to one single family 



or corresponding group) 

 p =polyphagous (taking more diversified food). 



6th column. Means of dispersal. ^ ^ 



m = macropterous (stated or supposed to fly); (m) = brachypterous in other areas 

 b = brachypterous (fligthless)^; (b) = macropterous in other areas 

 d = dimorphic (occurring on the ballast places in both forms). 



7th column. Means of reproduction. 1 

 s — bisexual; p = parthenogenetic. 



^ According to general knowledge of the species. 

 * According to observations on the ballast places. 



' The following species seem to be flightless in spite of comparatively well developed 

 hind-wings: the species of Quedius and Staphylimis, Chrysomela banksi. 



