18 FERTILISATION OF CLERODENDRON AND CANDOLLEA, 



self-fertilisation where cross-fertilisation by insects has failed. 

 They occur in any case, whether pollination has taken place or 

 not." With my experience of Clerodendron, I should say that 

 they imdoubtedly point to cross-fertilisation by a flying insect ; 

 but I am bound to admit that I have for some two months past 

 watched Cobcea for hawk moths every evening, and have never 

 seen one approach it, although they were busy on some Lonicera 

 twenty feet away. The flowers were, however, much frequented by 

 bees in search of pollen, and often bear fertile seed, but they often 

 fail. The scent in the flowers at the first stage (at which time 

 the blossom is greenish) is said to be pungent and disagreeable, 

 and in those in the second stage strong and sweet. But, so far as 

 I have observed, the scent is strong and disagreeable at all stages. 

 These differences, however, may be due to the plant growing in a 

 difierent soil and climate. 



Candollea (Stylidium) serrulata, Labill. 



[C. (S.) graminifolium, Swartz.] 



(PI. II. figs. 3-9.) 



The plants of this genus are well known for their irritable 

 column, which springs across the flower on the slightest touch. 

 The purpose of this movement has long been supposed to be 

 connected with the fertilisation of the flower, but I have been 

 unable to find any record of the method by which it secures that 

 end. I therefore hope that the results of my study and observa- 

 tions of the species named may be of interest. 



The flowers are strongly proterandrous. The filaments of the 

 stamens and the pistil are connate, forming the sensitive column. 

 In the bud and the earlier stages of the flower, the anthers lap 

 over and conceal the stigma, which is then small, green, and 

 immature (fig. 3). They gradually open, and the pollen lies loose 

 in them and is shed. When they are quite empty they wither 

 rapidly, and the stigma begins to grow out. It soon becomes 

 mature and fit for the reception of the pollen, and is then oval, 



