512 FIVE SHIELDS FROM NORTHERN QUEENSLAND, 



If the Goolmarry type is to be strictly confined to shields of 

 this character, and of the first one described from Peak Downs, 

 together with Brough Smyth's figured example, ornamented on 

 both sides, whether by incision or colouration, then the third 

 shield from the Saxby River, and the fourth from Angledool 

 will constitute an additional type to those enumerated further on, 

 Init I think form and general proportions must be allowed to 

 outweigh minor characters, such as the foregoing. 



Even as regards outline we evidently have three varieties, the 

 broad oval shield from Peak Downs ; the intermediate one from 

 Angledool ; and the narrow from the Saxby and Paroo Rivers. 



I have thus been able to demonstrate six varieties of ornamen- 

 tation, including Brough Smyth's and Lumholtz's weapons, as 

 applied to the Goolmarry, and a seventh is supplied in the fine 

 shield lately described* from the Alligator River, Northern 

 Territory. 



The following epitome of Australian shields will perhaps be 

 found of use to those who may have occasion to study the subject. 

 Every variation is not recorded, but merely the principal types : — 



a. Mulga (Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, 1878, 1, figs. 112-124, 

 types.). A narrow elongate shield, slightly convex, or flattened 

 on the obverse or outside, and roof-shaped, or angular on the 

 reverse or inside. The handle-hole is counter-sunk, and the 

 surface usually highly ornate with incised carving. The Mulga 

 was used in single combat, and was originally termed the Hieleman 

 by Surveyor-General Lieut. Col. Mitchell as early as 1836. It is 

 the Murgon of the Lower Murray ( Smyth) ; the Marr-aga of 

 Gippsland (Smyth) ; and the Carrhina, of Kimberley (HarJrnan).' 

 The same form of weapon evidently also extended to Central 

 Australia for Angas figures one from Lake Fromef, but without 

 name. The Woonda\ of W. Australia may possibly belong to 

 this t}'pe, or will possibly form a separate division. 



* Macleay Mem. Vol. (Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales), 1893, t. 33, f. 2-4. 



tS. Australia Illustrated, 1846, t. 30, f. 5 & 6. 



X Smyth, Loc. cit. p. 339, f. 148. 



