BY R. ETHERIDGE, JUNR. 513 



b. Drnnninng (Smyth, Loc. cit., p. 231, f. 126-129, types. I A 

 narrow wooden shield, angular or roof-shaped both back and front, 

 with the front bowed in outline, and tapering rapidly to hoXh 

 extremities. The handle is counter-sunk. It is also used in 

 single combat. It is the Tawarang'*' from high up the Murray 

 River, and other parts of N. S. Wales. Dr. Knight in his account 

 (if the savage weapons displayed at the Philadelphia Exhibition in 

 1876 calledf this shield Towerang, and again erroneously the 

 Mulya, overlooking Smyth's excellent figures of the latter, and 

 the distinction drawn hy him. It is the Drunnmny of W. 

 Victoria (Smyth). 



c. Gee-am, or Kerreem (Smyth, Loc. cit., p. 331, p. 333, f. 131-132, 

 types. ; Angas, S. Australia Illustrated, 1846, t. 6, f. 2 & 3). Broad 

 elongately rhomboidal or oval spear shields, made of gum tree bark, 

 obtusely pointed top and bottom, flat or very slightly convex (jn 

 the outside, and flat or a very little concave on the inside. The 

 handle projects from the inner side, and is either a part of the 

 wood of the tree next to the bark, from which the shield is 

 made ; or, consists of a separate piece of wood thrust through two 

 holes in the weapon made for the purpose. It is used in tlie 

 melee, and not in single combat. It is the Bam-er-ook of Gipps- 

 land {^myth) ; and the Carrillie of Port Stephens, N. S. Wales 

 ( R. Dawson). It is interesting to note that this is the shield 

 always depicted in our rock carvings throughout the Sydney 

 District,! and is recognisable not only by its shape, but also by 



the rather expanded apices or ends. 



<L Midabakka (Angas, S. Australia Illustrated, 1846, t. 6. f. 

 1, and 14, types ; Smyth, Log. cit. p. 333, f. 133-137.) This is a 

 )nodification or variety of the Gee-am, and is made of wood Or bent 

 bark, with an inserted handle, distinct from the shield. It should 

 properly, perhaps, be included under the Gee-am, but possesses a 

 more graceful outline, and is longer at the projecting ends. This 

 form of shield is l^oth carved and painted, and is furthermore 



* Angas, 8. Australia Illustrated, 1846, t. 47, f. 5. 



t Ann. Report Smithsonian Inst, for 1879 [1880], p. 283, p. 285. f. 134. 



XSee Records Geo]. Survey N. S. Wales, 1890, ii. Ft. 1, t. 2, f. 809. 



