514 FIVE SHIELDS FROM NORTHERN QUEENSLAND, 



ornamented with two or more incised half ovals, drawn at the 

 sides, or top and Ijottom. It certainly forms a transition between 

 the Gee-am and the much Ijetter marked shield to follow next in 

 order, the Wakkalte. The Mulahakka was used by the Mount 

 Barker, and certain of the Darling and Murray Scrub Tribes 

 ( Angas), but in other parts of .S'. Australia was called Tar-ram 

 (Eyre.). 



e. Wakkalte (Angas, S. Australia Illustrated, 1816, t. 6, top 

 r. li. fig., tyjye). A short and very much expanded form of the 

 Gee-am, made of bark, and bent. The handle is formed by inser- 

 tion through previously prepared holes, similar to that of one form 

 of the true Gee-am. It is also generally a painted weapon. The 

 Wakkalte shield was used by the Lake Alexandrina, Encounter 

 Bay and Corong Tribes of the south-east coast line of S. Australia 

 (A^igas). The method of manufacture is well descriljed by Mr. 

 Edward Stephens* in an interesting account of the Aljorigines of 

 that district. 



/■. Goolmarry (Smyth, hoc. cit., p. 334, f. 138, type). A 

 smaller and neat long-oval shaped or elliptical shield, flat or a little 

 rounded on the back, and gently convex, or subangular on the 

 front, with the handle formed by counter-sinking ; variously 

 incised and painted on both aspects. The distribution of this 

 shield appears to be somewhat extensive ; thus, at Mackay on the 

 north-east coast it is, according to Smyth, called Goolmarry ; we 

 next know the same weapon from the Alligator River, Port 

 Darwinf, l:)ut unfortunately I am unacquainted with the local 

 name. 



g. % (Smyth, hoc. cit., p. 334, f. 139, type). For the 

 seventh type I am quite unprovided with a name. The shields of 

 this type are restricted to Queensland, and consist of large 

 irregularly oval weapons, made from a light, possibly fig-tree wood. 

 The outer side is more or less convex, and often with a central knob 

 or boss. The inner side is flat, and the handle projects, 

 being formed by cutting away the wood on both sides. On 



* Journ. R. Soc. N.S. Wales for 1889 [1890], xxiii. p. 487. 

 t Etheridge, Macleay Mem. Vo". 1393, p. -241, t. 23, f. 2-4. 



