CHARACTERISTICS OF LARV.E OF ANOPHELINA. 131 



from Pyretopliovus einercus (PI. XVIT, fig. a) which 

 it most nearly resembles. 



James and Liston express an opinion that this species is 

 one with listoni.^ T^^ej represent the latter as having 

 no posterior hairs. This would appear to negative such 

 assumption. 



Habitat. — Elective spots for larvas ; under overhanging 

 banks of brisk streams, among bits of thick grass, etc., in 

 eddies of similar streams, but also among grass and rushes, 

 and in small spring waters. Not found in puddles or stagnant 

 waters. 



Season. — Perennial. In October numbers were collected 

 from a tiny roadside spring-pool among dead bamboo leaves, 

 by pressing down the leaves and dipping up water, but no 

 other species was found. In January in the same spot a few 

 funesta were gathered and great numbers of Pyreto- 

 phorus cos talis. 



Eolation to Malaria. — This larva is abundant both in 

 malarious and non-malarious districts, but in the malaria 

 season, in places where the disease is epidemic, we have 

 always found costal is also, which is absent in the cooler 

 months. The imago is found in houses, but cannot be said 

 to frequent them as costal is does. We have not found it in 

 dwellings of persons infected with malaria, but possibly 

 because it is more difficult to distinguish than costalis. 

 On the other hand, in Maritzburg a few indigenous cases of 

 malarial fever occurred in 1906. Costalis larvae were not 

 found in the neighbourhood, but in the vicinity of a part 

 where some cases were reported, funesta larvae were 

 collected; larv^ of N. pretoriensis, and M. paludis, 

 however, were found at the same time, and in the same place. 



Pyretophorus costalis Loeic. 



The following description is given by Theobald (vol. l,p. 157) 

 of certain markings of the female imago : 



' If this species of which we describe the larva is, as Giles says, not 

 funesta, the latter may be one with li stoni. 



