258 REV. FATHER ERANZ MAYR. 



and sometimes they may be ornamented; in the specimen 

 shown in fig, 3 the surface of the reed is covered with engrav- 

 ings. In using the instrument^ one end of the bow is held by 

 the lips of the player, and the other end with the left hand. 

 The string is twanged with the thumb of the right hand, and 

 notes of different pitch are produced by means of the fingers of 

 the left hand pressing on the string. It would appear that the 

 mouth of the performer acts as a resonator (vide PI. XLIY). 



(2) Ugubu, or ugumbu, is a stringed bow with a calabash 

 attached toAvards one end (fig. 10). A small portion of the 

 calabash is cut oif sqviare at the free end. The bow is held 

 vertically, and the opening of the calabash is pressed against 

 the chest with the left hand, while with the right hand the 

 string is struck with a small stick. The pitch is altered by 

 the fingers of the left hand pressing on the string, while the 

 tone is varied by the varying pressure of the calabash against 

 the chest. 



(3) Uqwabe is a stringed bow with the string tied down 

 at the middle towards the bow, and at this place a large 

 calabash is fixed (fig. 11). The opening of the calabash is 

 slightly pressed against the chest of the player as in the 

 ugubu, but the bow is sometimes held horizontally instead 

 of upright. With a small stick the player strikes the string 

 alternately on each side of the calabash, and the pitch is 

 changed by pressing the string Avith the first finger of the 

 left hand. 



(4) Ugwala is in form and size like the umqangala, 

 except that at one end the string of ox-tendon is attached to 

 the split quill of a feather. The other end of the quill is 

 either bound doAvn to the end of the Ijow by a thin strip of 

 skin, with a piece of quill projecting freely beyond, or it is 

 passed through a hole in the Avood, in AA'hich it is tightly 

 wedged by a peg of AAood. Figs. 4 and 5 giA^e side and front 

 vieAv of this instrument ; the split quill is seen at the bottom 

 of the string. 



The instrument appears to be a difficult one to use, and 

 Avomen are the chief performers. The mouth is placed OA'er 



