SYNOPSIS. 39-i 



Sp, 14L C. pilchardus. Length of the head to the whole 

 length as one to five ; depth of the body equal to the 

 length of the head : teeth obsolete ; under jaw a little 

 longer than the upper ; commencement of the dorsal fin 

 anterior to the middle of the fish and exactly in the 

 centre of gravity ; tail deeply forked. Fin-rays, D. 18 : 

 P. 16 : V. 8 : A. 18 : C. 19. Scales large and ciliated 

 on their free edge : upper parts of the body bluish green ; 

 sides and belly sUvery white ; dorsal and tail dusky ; 

 cheeks and gill-covers tinged with golden yellow. — Block, 

 pt. xii. pi, 406 ; Don. Brit Fish., iii. pi. Gd. Penn. BriL 

 Zool, iii. p. 453, pi. 79; Tarr. Brit. Fish., ii. 169. 



Sp. 142. C. sprattus. Sprat, or Garvie Herring. Dorsal and 

 abdominal lines pretty convex ; length of the head, com- 

 pared to the whole length, as one to six ; depth of the 

 body, compared with its whole length, as one to five ; teeth 

 on the lower jaw so reduced as to be scarcely perceptible 

 to the touch : ventral fins* in a vertical line under the first 

 ray of the dorsal. Fin-rays, D. 17 : P. 15—16 : V. 7 : 

 A. 18 : C. 19. Keel of the abdomen more sharply ser- 

 rated tlian in a herring of equal size : upper parts dark 

 blue, glossed with green ; the other parts silvery white, 

 except the dorsal and caudal fins, which are dusky. 

 Length from 4 to 6 inches. — Ldnn., Cuv. Reg. An. ; Penn. 

 Brit. Zool., iii. p. 457 ; Yarr. Brit. Fi^., ii. p. 197. 



Sp. 143. C. cdba. Whitebait. Head elongated ; teeth so 

 minute as to be scarcely visible ; dorsal fin commencing 

 half-way between the point of the jaws and , the ends of 

 the short middle caudal rays ; ventrals placed behind the 

 thfrd ray of the dorsal. Fin-rays, D. 17 : P. 15 : V. 9 : 

 A. 15 : C. 20. Abdomen strongly serrated from the 

 pectoral fin to the anal aperture: general colour silvery 

 white, the back tinged with pale greenish ash, the dorsal 



* Mr. Yarrell says that the ventrals have no axillary scales ; 

 Dr. Pamell, on the contrary, affirms that these do exist, and 

 are nearly half as long as the fin. 



