20 ORIGIN OF THE APPLE TREE. 



oviparus. The live progeny of vegetables consist of their buds, 

 which rise on their branches in the bosom of each leaf, or on its 

 long caudex extending down the bark of the trees, or which 

 rise on the bulbs, knobs, wires, or scions, from the broad cau- 

 dex on the roots of herbaceous plants. The egg progeny of 

 vegetables consist in their seeds with the previous apparatus 

 of the flower, and concomitant nutriment in the fruit and 

 cotyledons." 



Fruit trees are sometimes attacked by a disease called 

 *' crab," especially after transplanting them from the nursery : 

 it destroys particularly the inner bark, by reducing it to a 

 blackish powder, not unlike the smut in wheat. 



Various conjectures have been formed as to the origin of 

 this disorder which is often very destructive, especially to apple 

 and pear trees ; but none appear to us to be satisfactory. It 

 is, however, very probable that it arises from the inattention 

 of the gardener or orchardist, when transplanting young trees, 

 by placing the Northern side of the trunk towards the South ; 

 where the powerful rays of the sun parch, and in a manner 

 burn the tender bark which was grown on the north side. 

 This change of situation to a different point of the compass 

 may account for the disease, and the suspicion is somewhat 

 confirmed by the circumstance, that the disease generally 

 makes its first appearance on the south sides. It may 

 also originate from injuries done to the tree, such as blows, 

 scratches, &c. The remedy for trees thus affected will appear 

 in its proper place. 



Linnaeus considers the apple and the quince as a species of 

 the pear tree, or Pyrus, all the varieties of which are hardy 

 and will succeed in any common garden soil, if planted in a 

 free situation ; they are propagated by grafting and budding 

 upon any pear stock, occasionally upon quince, and sometimes 

 upon white thorn stocks. 



Apples of any kind maybe reared in the manner above 

 prescribed, and according to Dr. Anderson, the pure paradise 

 stock is the best graft. They will not thrive, however, in a 

 very low and moist soil, but a rich friable loam is best adapt- 

 ed to their health and rapid growth. 



