ORCHARDS. 85 



in order to prevent tlie roots from being injured by the frost; 

 and, if the trees are exposed to winds, it will be advisable to 

 support them with stakes, during the first year at the least; 

 such stakes, however, must be carefully fixed in a triangular 

 direction, inclining towards the tree at the top, in an angle of 

 thirty or forty degrees; and at such depth that they maj^ not 

 interfere with the roots. It will also be proper to insert a few 

 battens between the stakes, and to intertw^ine them with small 

 birch or other twigs or wrappings that will not damage the 

 bark, while they admit free passage to the rain water ; by this 

 simple contrivance, the bark is at the same time effectually 

 secured from the rot. 



Having quoted several authors on transplanting w^ho, in the 

 main, agree as to all essentiL^l points, we shall close this article 

 with our own views, and those which we have adopted from 

 the most prominent and reliable sources. 



The art of successfully removing trees from one location to 

 another is a very simple, and yet a very important job ; for no 

 tree improperly set will ever prosper as it should. 



Select any good soil, not Avet. that would produce a good crop 

 of corn, tobacco, or potatoes, or, if it has been manured, and 

 raised either of these crops the previous year, so much the 

 better. Stake out your land according to directions under that 

 head — twenty-five or thirty feet apart each way will do very 

 well; dig the holes sixteen to eighteen inches deep,* and much 

 larger than the roots extend — from three to six feet in diam- 

 eter, according to the size of the tree ; small, thrifty trees are 

 the best, as they suffer less in removal, are more sure to take 

 root, and will often surpass in growth much larger trees. 

 Throw away the subsoil by scattering it all around with the 

 shovel. If the hole or cavity is too deep for the tree, fill it 

 up with good surface soil, which- may be mixed with well pul- 

 verized manure — compost in which bog or ditch mud, well 

 decomposed, predominates is best — to which may be added, 



^It is best when the holes are of proper depth, and cleaned out, to dioj 

 up the bottom with the mattock five or six inches — let the subsoil remain, 

 then fill in with rich soil. 



