108 ORCHARDS. 



advantac^es of traininor in a cold or moist climate cannot be 

 appreciated here, and we can raise tlie best of fruit without 

 any such trouble or expense ; allowing our standards to take 

 pretty much their natural shape, thereby securing the full 

 crops resulting from unrestrained growth, and the natural 

 spreading out of the branches freely to the sun and air. 



PrRAMiDiCAL Ttainixg is a very beautiful form suited to 

 apples and pears. It is an easy and simple mode, and has 

 come into general favor with amateurs. The conical form is 

 also much admired. " There can scarcely be a more beauti- 

 ful display of the art of the horticulturist, than a fine row 

 of trained trees, their branches arranged with the utmost 

 symmetry and regularity, and covered in the fruit season with 

 large and richly colored fruit." The conical training is a very 

 simple and easy mode. It is mostly applied to pears, which, 

 when treated in this way, may be planted eight feet apart, 

 and thus a great variety of sorts may be planted in a small 

 garden. 



Tree Trainixg is different from common tree form ; that 

 being only a modification or limited training. It is intended to 

 produce low and long branches by cutting back the stem, and 

 retarding the growth of the upper limbs, until the lower ones 

 grow large and strong from excess of light and exposure to 

 the sun. It is said " nothing surprises a British gardener 

 more, knowing the cold of our Winter, than the first sight of 

 peaches and other fine fruits arriving at full perfection in the 

 Middle States, with so little care ; he sees at once that three- 

 fourths of the great expense of a fruit garden is here 

 rendered needless." 



"WHAT ARE DWARF TREES?" 



This question is asked and answered by ''Tlltons Journal 

 of Horticulture.'' They are trees grafted on slow growing 

 stock, which would not attain so large a size as the species 

 grafted on it. Dwarf pears are now grafted only upon 

 quinces ; but formerly the thorn was used. They are less 

 hardy than upon pear stocks, and require higher cultivation, 



