188 ORCHARDS. 



4. Offensive substances, such as tobacco stems or rubbish, 

 sulphur, assafoetida, hen or pigeon clung, mixed with mud or 

 clay, and applied. 



5. Beef or hog liver, vrhen fresh, rubbed on the stems as 

 high as the rabbits can reach. Fat beef or tallow may be 

 used. The liver is best. 



6. Dr. McCannel, of Ohio (in the American Agriculturist)^ 

 finds that a mixture of assafcetida and soft soap painted on 

 the bark of young trees will effectually preserve them from 

 the attacks of rabbits and meadoAV mice. He does not give 

 the proportions, or the form in which the assafoetida is used. 



LABELS FOR FRUIT TREES. 



No orchardist should trust to his memory, but should 

 promptly label his trees, distinctly and durably. It is per- 

 plexing and vexatious to lose marks^ and, to nurserymen, 

 would occasion serious losses, and place them in awkward pre- 

 dicaments with their patrons and customers. 



1. Zinc is a good material when written on with a compo- 

 sition of two parts fine verdigris, two sal-ammoniac, one lamp- 

 black, twenty water. Mix in a mortar, with a little water at 

 first — shake and bottle for use. It will appear very legibly, 

 and is quite durable; or with types — small pica or long primer 

 will answer — with a lever, stamp the name or number on the 

 zinc. 



2. "Wood painted with white lead; use soft, smooth, thin 

 pieces. If not painted, moisten the wood, and write with a 

 good strong pencil, with a heavy hand. 



3. Old ox^'dized or rusted zinc will receive and retain the 

 mark of a common lead pencil. 



4. On old tin or new, or sheet lead, write with a sharp awl 

 or steel instrument, cutting through the coat of tin; use sheet 

 lead the same way, or stamp the name or number with type 

 and lever. 



5. Wood 2^f'inted is the "best for nurserymen. Let the pieces 

 be smoothly prepared and thinly painted with white lead. Use 

 a lever for a press ; it is more distinct and expeditious than 



