198 ORCHARDS. 



usually an entirely black head, and a black shield on the 

 top of the first segment. When full grown it acquires 

 a flesh-colored or pinkish tint, especially on the back; and 

 the head and top of the first segment become more brown, 

 being usually marked as at figure 24, h. It is sparsely cov- 

 ered with very minute hairs which take their rise from minute 

 elevated points, of which there are eight on each segment. 

 The cocoon is invariably of a pure white on the inside, but is 

 disguised on the outside by being covered with minute frag- 

 ments of whatever substance the worm spins to. The chrys- 

 alis is yellowish brown, with rows of minute teeth on its back, 

 by the aid of which it is enabled to partly push itself out of 

 its cocoon, when its time to issue as a moth arrives. The moth 

 is a most beautiful object; yet, as has been well remarked by 

 an anonymous writer,* from its habits not being known, it is 

 seldom seen in this state, and the apple grower, as a rule, 

 * knows no more than the man in the moon to what cause he 

 is indebted for the basketfuls of worm-eaten windfalls in the 

 stillest weather.' Its fore wings are marked with alternate, 

 irregular, transverse, wavy streaks of ash-gray and brown, 

 and have on the inner hind angle a large tawny brown spot, 

 with streaks of bright bronze color or gold. 



The apple is, so to speak, our democratic fruit, and while 

 stone fruit is grown but in certain regions, this is cultivated 

 all over the country. The Codling moth is, then, even more 

 injurious than the Curculio. Unlike the Curculio, it is mostly 

 two-brooded, the second brood of worms hybernating in the 

 larval state, enclosed in their snug little silken houses, and 

 ensconced under some fragment of bark or other shelter. The 

 same temperature which causes our apple trees to burst their 

 beauteous blossoms, releases the Codling moth from its pupal 

 tomb, and though its wings are at first damp with the imprint 

 of the great stereotyping establishment of the Almighty, 

 they soon dry and expand under the genial Spring-day sun, 

 and enable each to seek its companion. The moths soon pair, 

 and the female flits from blossom to blossom, deftly depositing 



■'^ Entomological Magazine, London, Vol. I, p. 1, 144. 



