ORCHARDS. 199 



in the calyx of each a tiny yellow egg. As the fruit matures, 

 the worm develops. In thirty-three days, under favorab.le 

 circumstances, it has become full-fed; when, leaving the apple, 

 it spins up in some crevice, changes to a chrysalis in three 

 days, and issues two weeks afterwards as a moth, ready to 

 deposit again, though not alwa^^s in the favorite calyx this 

 time, as I have found the young worm frequently entering 

 from the side of the apple. Thus the young brood of Codling 

 moths appear at the same time as the young curculios, the 

 difference being that instead of living on in the Fall and 

 Winter, as do the latter, they deposit their eggs and die, it 

 being the progeny from these eggs which continues the race 

 the ensuing year. Though two apples, side by side, may, the 

 one be maturing a Curculio, the other a Codling moth, the larva 

 of the latter can always be distinguished from the former by 

 having six horny legs near the head, eight fleshy legs in the 

 middle of the body, and two at the caudal extremity, while 

 the curculio larva has not the first trace of either. 



In latitude 38° the moths make their appearance about the 

 first of May, and the first worms begin to leave the apples 

 from the 5th to the 10th of June, and become moths again 

 by the fore part of July. While some of the first worms are 

 leaving the apples, others are but just hatched from later de- 

 posited eggs, and thus the two broods run into each other ; 

 but the second brood of worms (the progeny of the moths 

 which hatched out after the first of July) invariably passes 

 the Winter in the worm or larval state, either within the ap- 

 ple after it is plucked, or within the cocoon. I have had 

 them spin up as early as the latter part of August, and at 

 different dates subsequently till the middle of November, and 

 in every instance, whether they spun up early or late in the 

 year, they remained in the larval state until the middle of 

 April, when they all changed to chrysalides within a few days 

 of each other. Furthermore, they not only remain in the 

 larval state, but in many instances where I have had them in 

 a warm room, they have been active throughout the Winter, 

 and would always fasten up cuts made in their cocoons, even 

 when the operation was performed five and six times on the 



