4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



mentioned " the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of 

 land , and an orchard."^ But its cultivation was not confined 

 to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive 

 manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York- 

 shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would 

 be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an 

 early period, were indigenous to this country ; many no 

 doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is 

 probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro- 

 duced from the continent, by members of the different 

 religious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently 

 had personal intercourse wi^h France, and who devoted 

 considerable attention to horticulture ; but there is every 

 reason to believe that the earliest varieties were native 

 productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul- 

 tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to 

 these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the 

 twelfth century, we find the Pearmain^ and Costard men- 

 tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too 

 much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which 

 distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to 

 convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this 

 country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the 

 varieties, and siniply states, in reference to the apple, " I 

 node not to descry be thys tre, because it is knowen well 

 inoughe in all countres." Barnaby Googe mentions as, 

 " Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall, 

 the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too 

 long to speake of." Leonardo Mascal gives instruction how 

 " to graffe the Quyne Apple;" but that is the only variety 

 he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John 

 Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept 

 by one of his ancestors, from the year 1580 to 1584, is an 

 entiy of " The names of Apelles, which I had their graffes 

 from Brentmarch, froin one Mr. Pace — Item, the Appell out 

 of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet Apell ; Lounden Peppen ; 

 Kew Goneling, or the Croke ; Glass Appell or Pearmeane ; 

 Red Stear ; Nemes Appell, or Grenlinge ; Bellabone ; Ap- 

 pell out of Dorsettsher ; Domine quo Vadis." In " The 

 Hup.bandman's Fruitful! Orchard," we have Pij)pins, Peare- 



a ■'^"c'dar's History oi" Gloucestershire, App. xxvii., No. xix. ^ Blomefield's 

 I-i. t '-j' ol ITorfolk, Tol. xi., p. 242. 



