74 REPORT OF COMMISSIONERS OF INLAND FISHERIES. 



Newport is in the U. S. National Museum. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 1880, 107.) 



Reproduction: The young are transparent, band-shaped, and have a 

 small head ; they pass through a metamorphosis as do the eels and the 

 ten-pounder. In the Gulf of California the young are abundant and 

 are often thrown up by the waves on the beach in great numbers. 

 (Jordan and Everman, loc. cit.) 



Food: Shell fishes, especially small bivalve molluscs. 



Rate op Growth: In the metamorphosis they shrink from three or three 

 and a half to two inches. (Gilbert). The adult reaches one and one- 

 half to three feet. 



CLUPEID^. The Herrings. 



38. Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill). Round Herring. 



Geog. Dist.: Cape Cod to Gulf of Mexico, on sandy shores; not rare 

 southward. Reported at Woods Hole (Bean, 1880), Menemsha Bight 

 (Smith, 1898). Apparently not rare on the southern coast of Long 

 Island (Bean). 



Season in R. I.: Specimen in U. S. National Museum taken at Newport 

 by Mr. Samuel Powell. (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 59.) 



Rate op Growth: Young specimens 4 J inches long taken at Gravesend 

 Bay, July 30, 1896 (Bean). Adults are ten inches long. 



39. Clupea harengUS (Linnaeus). Sea Herring; Blue Back. 



Geog. Dist.: North Atlantic Ocean, Europe, and America. South to Cape 

 Hatteras, but not abundant south of Cape Cod. 



Season in R. I. : Winter herring arrive in October or November and remain 

 until very cold weather. The spring run arrive in May, and the fishes 

 of that run are larger and more numerous. April 16, 1906, Dutch 

 Island trap, half a dozen large specimens and a few small ones, six 

 inches; April 30, 1906, Sand Blow trap, a dozen specimens; April 30, 

 1906, Dutch Island trap specimens; May 27, 1905, Dutch Island Har- 

 bor trap, a few specimens; June 5, 1906, Hazard's Quarry trap, a 

 few specimens; October 29, 1905, Dutch Island Harbor trap. 



Habitat: Surface of the water. 



Reproduction: Some schools spawn in the spring and others in the 

 autumn. The fall schools spawn to west of Bay of Fundy, spring schools 

 to the east of that point. Spawning takes place in Penobscot Bay, 

 September and October; at Woods Hole, after middle of Septemlier; 

 along the coast of Massachusetts, about October first; at No Man's Land, 



