REPORT OF COMMISSIONERS OF INLAND FISHERIES, 77 



taken at Cornelius Island in seine, 1^ inches long (61 mm.; 63 mm.; 

 65 mm.) Bean took specimens in Great South Bay, Long Island, 2^ to 

 3| inches long on August Sth; specimens 31 to 7i inches on August 

 9th, the larger ones probably being the young of the previous year; 

 specimens 2| to 4 inches on August 23; specimens 2 to 4^ inches in 

 September, (Bean, 1901.). Young are hatched in June and treble their 

 length in a month. Specimens from 3 to 6^ inches (75 to 141 mm.) 

 taken middle of August, St. John's Harbor, N. B. The largest may not 

 have been the young of that season. (Prince, 1907. Plates and 

 descriptions of young.) 



42. Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Glut Herring; Blackback. 



Geog. Dist. Coast waters of United States north to Maine. Less abun- 

 dant northward than the preceding species. 



Migrations: Similar to the alewife (P. pseudoharengus) , except that it 

 appears later and remains in fresh water for a shorter time. 



Season in R. I.: It appears from two weeks to a month later than the 

 alewife. 



Reproduction: Similar to the alewife, but about two weeks later. The 

 spawning grounds are probably confined to brackish water in ponds, 

 and in large streams not far above tide-water. July 20, 1905, young 

 specimens two inches long seined at Cold Spring Beach; June 5, 1906, 

 Hazard's Quarry trap, a few large specimens. 



Food: Free-swimming crustacea. 



43. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad. 



Geog. Dist.: From Alabama along the whole Atlantic coast. Introduced 

 by the U. S. Fish Commission into the rivers of the Pacific coast. 



Migrations: Probably lives in deep water in winter, or near Gulf Stream, 

 coming into shore waters when the temperature reaches 60° F., running 

 up rivers to spawn. When this process is completed they probably 

 return to salt water. The young, when hatched, remain in rivers till 

 autumn, then move into salt water. In Florida, shad ascends rivers 

 in December; rivers of Georgia in January ; the Potomac, April; rivers 

 from the Delaware, northward to Canada, May and June. A month 

 later the empty fish descend to the river in an emaciated condition, fol- 

 lowed by the young somewhat later. 



Season in R. I.: Arrives last of March and runs for about six weeks. A 

 large specimen taken August 3, 1905, at Rumstick Point. Specimen 

 three inches long, taken October 29, 1905, Dutch Island Harbor; this 

 was probably hatched from spawn of the previous spring, and was then 



