BY W. W. FHOGGATT. 357 



tubercles and fine-toothed spines covering the upper side of the 

 abdominal segments. 



The female galls of the different species are usually very distinct 

 in form from each other ; and though with single specimens of 

 some it might be difficult to determine the species from the gall 

 alone, yet in a large series they are unmistakable. 



The female galls are all very much liable to attacks by parasites, 

 and many of the minute micro-hymenoptera belonging to the Chal 

 cididce and Proctrotrupidcc. will be found to emerge from the outer 

 skin of the gall, possibly being parasitic upon smaller plant-eating 

 larvae which they have destroyed. Other parasites lay their eggs 

 upon or in the coccid, the larviB which hatch therefrom feeding 

 upon her fleshy body, and undergoing their metamorphoses in her 

 skin. I have obtained 100 specimens of a small black Chalcid 

 from a single dead Brachyscelid. The larvse also of several 

 different moths likewise manage to obtain a footing inside the 

 galls, true iuquilines, for they soon smother the rightful owner. 

 I once opened a gall of B. ovicola in which I found an exceedingly 

 active moth larva together with a live coccid ; but the former was 

 having much the best of it, for the coccid was not more than half 

 the size of a number of its companions taken from the same bunch 

 of galls. I have never been able to breed out the perfect moths 

 from these larvse, for as the galls become dry the food supply fails 

 them and they die. 



A large number of plant-eating beetles are also obtainable from 

 the galls, most of them belonging to the Cicrculionidce, chief 

 among which are members of the genera Haplonyx, of which I 

 have bred five different species, and Rhadinosomus, a remarkable, 

 goat-like little Curculio. Several others belonging to the genus 

 Omadius (Family Cleridce) were hatched out of the galls of B. 

 minor. 



Great numbers of young Eucalypts are annually attacked by 

 these insects, which if they do not in consequence actually die 

 become stunted in their growth from the foliage and young growth 

 being robbed of so much sap, and tissue diverted from the proper 

 channel, to form these peculiar excrescences ; it is therefore of 



