BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 11 



sea, there are some andesitic ranges very similar to the Andesite 

 rocks of the Philippine Islands. 



Along the sides of the rivers are alluvial plains of limited 

 extent but considerable depth. They consist of strata of alluvium 

 from the neighbouring mountains, enclosing large stems, branches, 

 and roots of trees of existing species. 



The climate of the region is one of the warmest and most moist 

 of the tropics. There are many countries even outside the tropics 

 where the temperature has a higher range, but the peculiarity of 

 this is that the mean temperature is perhaps a little above 85,° and 

 that there are no seasons, no winter and no summer, or any period 

 distinctly marked with periodical rains. Storms and disturbances 

 of the atmosphere are almost confined to daily thunderstorms, 

 sometimes of great violence, while gales of wind are of rare 

 occurrence. The air is cloudy and misty, which moderates the 

 excessive heat. The alternate north-east and south-west monsoons 

 are felt, but scarcely more than felt. The average number of 

 rainy days is said to be about half the year, while the mean rain- 

 fall is about 100 inches. The west coast, if subject to any remark- 

 able change, is so from the visitations of certain squalls called 

 Sumatras (as they are supposed to come across the Straits of 

 Malacca from that island), but they are of short duration though 

 violent. 



The rivers run north and south, parallel with the main range, 

 and eventually turn to the coast, and those which run a short 

 course flow east and west of the watershed. Of the former there 

 is on the west side the Perak River with its large tributaries 

 the Plus, Kinta, and Batang-Padang. On the eastern side of the 

 range there is an almost similar course taken by the Pahang and 

 its tributaries. Both these rivers are supposed to drain an 

 immense area, which is variously computed at between 4000 and 

 6000 square miles, but about which no accurate measurements 

 can be given. The other chief streams on the west coast are the 

 Bernam, Selangor, Langat, Klang, Linggi, Moar, and the Johore, 

 the estuary of which faces Singapore. Between the Pakshan 



