36 ON THE VEGETATION OF MALAYSIA, 



of 200. It is divided into about a dozen genera, namely — 

 (1) Dryohalanops, (2) Dii^terocarpuSj (3) Ancistroclachis, (4) Anis- 

 02?tera, (5) Pachynocarjms, (6) Vatica, (7) Shorea, (8) Hopea, 

 (9) Doona^ (10) Vateria, (11) Monoporandra. Some botanists 

 include the genus Lophira, which Endlicher erects into a separate 

 order from its marked differences. It does not, however, belong 

 to the Malayan region, but to west Africa. 



Dipterocarpus — trees with two winged seeds — has given the 

 name to the order. In reality there are five wings, but two of 

 the lobes are much larger than the other three, which crown the 

 calyx as small leaf -like sepals. Bryobalanopis has the lobes of the 

 calyx nearly equal, and they form five spreading wings round the 

 fruit, something like a shuttle-cock. In Ancistrocladus the five lobes 

 of the calyx are similar, but the genus is composed of climbing shrubs 

 with claw-like thorns. In Anisoptera there are two large wings 

 with inconspicuous stipules ; its ovary and fruit partly inferior in 

 reference to the insertion of the calyx, but having a concave 

 receptacle, the edges of which bear the corolla and stamens. In 

 Vatica there are five stamens opposite the petah, five alternate 

 with them, then outside each of these a small stamen. Vatica is 

 distinguished by its calyx, which is sub-valvate or with pieces not 

 touching one another in the bud, and forming round the fruit five 

 large free wings not adherent to the fruit but enveloping it 

 closely. Pachynocarpus has the same flowers, a concave receptacle 

 with a calyx which disappears round the fruit. Vateria has the 

 free ovary of Vatica, but a small calyx refiexed under the pericarp. 

 Mono2)orandra has the fruit of Vateria, but only five stamens. 

 Hopea has the flower of Vateria, and two only of the five non- 

 adherent sepals dilated in wings round the fruit. Shorea can 

 hardly be separated from Hopea ; but if distinguished at all, it is 

 by the three large wings developed from the calyx lobes. Doo7ia 

 has three wings also, enclosing an embryo with cotyledons full of 

 much-contorted folds, and the flowers are red. 



All the species of this order are filled with resins, balsams, or 

 oils, which render them valuable. The Oil-tree of the Malays is 



