218 DIPTERA OF AUSTRALIA, 



Swaint's Bay, Kerguelen Island, the second in abundance at 

 Biarritz, in the south of France, in both cases by their describers. 

 A species of Chiromomus which emits a strong phosphorescent 

 light is reported from a locality near Lake Aral. The 

 females of several species of Ceratopogon are bloodsuckers, and 

 capable of inflicting very painful wounds ; these annoying insects 

 are particularly numerous in Australia and generally go by the 

 name of "Sand-flies." Their "bites" are quite as severe as those 

 of the mosquitoes, and I am told that in some parts of this country 

 the cattle are dreadfully attacked by them and are sometimes 

 almost driven frantic by the irritation of their wounds. It is 

 possible, however, that the insects referred to really belong to 

 Simulium. The larvse of Ceratopogon reside in water, in the 

 ground, in manure, under the bark of decaying timber, etc. 

 Some are said to be carnivorous, devouring the larvse and pupae 

 of other insects. 



Classification. 



Meigen (Syst. Beschr. I. 1818, p. xxxiv.) and Macquart (S. a B. 

 Dipt. I. 1834, p. 41) included in the then known genera of the 

 present family the tribe Tipulariae culiciformes ; Macquart's 

 diagnosis of the group and classification of the genera stands as 

 follows : — 



1st Tribe Tipulaires culiciformes, T. culiciformes, Meig. 



Chars. — Antennae filiform, in ^ generally plumose, in $ pilose, 

 each inserted in a disciform elevation. Eyes lunate, separated in 

 both sexes. No ocelli. Thorax generally with three elevations ; 

 metathorax large. Abdomen of eight distinct segments. Wings 

 recumbent ; discoidal cell wanting ; interior basilar often con- 

 founded with the second posterior ; generally one marginal, one 

 sub-marginal, and three posteriors. 



A. Antennae plumose to the extremity. 



B. Legs inserted at equal distances; pectus little prominent. 



