572 president's address. 



(4) In Tasmania Mr. Johnston refers to the Upper Silurian 

 epoch (a) hydro-mica slates, and white gritty sandstones, with 

 Orthis Jlabelluin and Sjnrifera j^Hcatella, Linn., and (h) the Table 

 Cape conglomerates (?), composed partly of rolled fragments of 

 limestone containing Pentamerus Tasmaniensis ; (c) the Eldon 

 Valley clay slates and mudstones, containing Calymene^ and (d) 

 the Fingal slates (?). 



A single fossil, an Anodonta closely resembling A. Jukesii, has 

 been obtained by Mr. Johnston from the Fingal slates. If this 

 determination is correct, this is the earliest example of the occur- 

 rence of a shell of freshwater habit in Australasia, and is indicative 

 probably of contemporaneous lacustrine or estuarine deposits.* 



In New Zealand Sir James Hector classes! the Baton River 

 Series as Upper Silurian, but it is more convenient here to include 

 this and the overlying Te Anau and Reef ton Series as part of the 

 great Tdkaka System of Cai)tain Hutton. 



Folding. — In Tasmania the rocks classed as Upper Silurian 

 occui)y synclinal troughs in the Lower Silurian rocks and liave 

 partaken, partly at all events, in their folding, and presumably 

 are folded along axes parallel or subparallel with those of the 

 older rocks. 



In Victoria the folds are less sharp than those of the Lower 

 Silurian strata. Their axes have a general strike from N.N.W. 

 to N.W., but at Cape Liptrap the strike is from N. 10° E. to 

 N. 30= E. 



In New South Wales the strike is nearly meridional f i om 

 Mount Kosciusko to Bathurst, and possibly as far as Mount 

 Stuart to the north of Mud<^ee. This meridional line of foldinor 

 must have been developed in time antecedent to that of the Upper 

 Silurian, as conglomerates occur in the Upper Silurian Series as 

 well as suncrack, both indicative of neighbouring land. 



In Queensland the schists at the Cape Gold-field dip S.S.W. at 

 30° to 35°, the axis of upheaval striking therefore W.N.W. and 



* R. M. Johnston, loc. cit. p. 67. 

 t Loc. cit. p. 81. 



