46 EDAVARD A. WILSON. 



Penguins we were too far from our nearest rookeries to visit them clay by day, or even 

 week by week, yet we were lucky in meeting with the more interesting stages of the 

 bird's development. They l)egin to arrive at Cape Adare as early as the middle of 

 September, but the more southern rookeries at Cape Crozier were tenanted only by 

 a few dozen stragglers even so late as October 19th in 1903. In 1902, not a bird had 

 arrived even on October 24th. Within a week of these dates, however, they numbered 

 many thousands, the nesting sites had been appropriated, the stones and pebbles with 

 which they make their nests had been freely fought for, and were now by theft being 

 as freely circulated from one end of the rookery to the other. 



The penguins' courtship was in full swing, and on every nest squatted the lady 

 while her knight slept standing at her side, or woke to pay her the attention that his 

 chivalry suggested. There are many misunderstandings in these colonies over the 

 misappropriation of property. The nests were all too close to one another, and he liad 

 the biggest nest who could most successfully annex his neighbour's pebljles and prevent 

 his own from being stolen. Needless to say, there Avas hardly a stone of his nest but 

 had been taken from someone else. 



The battles royal between the males have been so many times described that 

 little is left for me to say. The females, sitting on their nests, have quarrels with 

 their neighbours, but whereas they followed the time-honoured custom of fighting with 

 their bills, attempting to cut out each the other's tongue, the males fought chieHy with 

 their weight and flippers, and the blows resounded afar as they were hailed down upon 

 the unlucky wight with a torrent of abuse. But plucky they certainly are, for again 

 and again, when overborne and forced to give way a bit on all fours, the beaten 

 individual will be seen to turn and confront his persecutor on his legs again, his eyes 

 aflame, his ruffle up, his chest out, and his flippers working like a windmill. 



The voice of the Ade'lie Penguin has, by every writer on the subject, been given 

 the attention it demands. It is a voice which cannot be ignored, especially when one 

 hears it flowing freely from the throats of many thousands in such a rookery as that at 

 Cape Crozier or Cape Adare. If one walks among the nests, the majority either swear 

 persistently under their breatli or shout in a loud harsh voice. The noise is almost 

 unceasing. From a distance it is like a whistling roar, and when, from the cliffs of 

 Cape Adare, we looked down upon the 200 acres swarming with shouting penguins and 

 their whistling, piping chicks, one was reminded of nothing so much as a rink with a 

 thousand chattering skaters ; there was the same ringing roar that such a gathering 

 would have in the Crystal Palace. 



It is hard to give a description of the individual cries. They begin at one's 

 approach iu a low, hoarse, swearing growl, which gets gradually louder and higher in 

 pitch, while the bird bridles up with ruffled crest in front of his swearing spouse. 

 Then, making a wild dash at the intruder's legs, he seizes such garments as he can 

 reach and unmercifully batters his shins with a rain of blows that have been well 

 compared to the rattle of a boy's stick along some corrugated iron palings. 



