378 GLOSSARY. 



EcHiNODEK-MS. ( Gr. echinos, a hedgehog ; derma, skin. ) The class of radiated 



animals, most of which have spiny skins. 

 Edentulous. From the Latin word for toothless. 

 Edriophthalma, ( Gr. edraios, sitting or sessile ; and ophthalmos, an eye. ) The 



Crustacea with sessile eyes. 

 Elytra. (Gr. elutroji, a sheath.) The wing sheaths formed by the modified an- 



terior pair of wings of beetles. 

 Emarginate. (Lat. emargino, to remove an edge.) When an edge or margin 



has, as it were, a part bitten out. 

 Emunctories. (Lat. emungo, to wipe the nose.) Parts which carry out of the 



body useless or noxious particles. 

 Enaliosaur. (Gr. ewaZ/os, marine; sawros, a lizard.) An extinct order of marine 



gigantic reptiles allied to crocodiles and fishes. 

 Encephala. (Gr. en, in; kephale, head.) The molluscous animals which have a 



distinct head. 

 Entomology. ( Gr. entoma, insects ; logos, a discourse. ) The department of Na- 

 tural History which treats of insects. 

 Entohostraca. (Gr. entoma, insects; osfracon, a shell.) The order of small 



Crustaceans, many of which are enclosed in an integument, like a bivalve shell. 

 Entozoa. (Gr. entos, within; zoon, animal.) The animals which exist within 



other animals. 

 Eocene. (Gr. eos, the dawn; kainos, recent.) The tertiary period, in which the 



extremely small proportion of living species indicates the first commencement or 



dawn of the existing state of animate creation. 

 Epidermal. (Gr. epidermis, the cuticle.) Belonging to the cuticle or scarf-skin. 

 Epimeral. ( Gr. epi, upon ; meron, a limb. ) The part of the segment of an ar- 

 ticulate animal which is above the joint of the limb. 

 Epiploon. ( From the Greek. ) It is the fatty membrane which covers or occupies 



the interspaces of the entrails in the abdomen. 

 Episternal. (Gr. e/)i, upon ; sferwora, the breast-bone.) The piece of the segment 



of an articulate animal which is immediately above the middle inferior piece or 



sternum. 

 Epithelium. The thin membrane which covers the mucous membranes : it is 



analogous to the epiderm of the skin. 

 Epizoa. ( Gr. epi, upon ; zoo7i, animal. ) The class of low organised parasitic 



Crustaceans which live upon other animals. 

 Errantes. (Lat. erro, I wander.) An order of the class Annelida, remarkable 



for their locomotive powers. 

 ExciTO-MOTORY. The function of the nervous system by which an impression is 



transmitted to a centre, and reflected so as to produce contraction of a muscle 



without sensation or volition. 

 ExosMOSE. (Gr. ex, out of; otheo, I expel.) The act in which a denser fluid is 



expelled from a membranous sac by the entry of a lighter fluid from without. 

 ExuviuM. (From the Latin, signifying the skin of a serpent.) The skin which is 



shed in moulting. 

 ExuviAL. Any part which is moulted. 



Facet. (From the French.) A flat surface, with a definite boundary. 



Fascicle. (From the l^aiin fasciculus.) A small bundle. 



Filiform. (Lat. filum, a thread ; forma, a shape. ) Thread-shaped. 



FissiPAROUS. (Lat. Jindo, I cleave; pario, I produce.) The multiplication of a 

 species by the voluntary cleavage of the individual into two parts. 



Flabelliform. ( Lat. ^rt6eZZ?<?n, a fan. ) Fan-shaped. 



Flagellum. (From the Latin.) An appendage to the legs of the Crustacea re- 

 sembling a whip. 



Flexors, (l^at. flecto, I bend.) The muscles employed in bending a limb. 



Flexuous. a bending course. 



Foliaceous. (Lat. folium, a leaf.) Shaped or arranged like leaves. 



Follicle. (Lat. follicutus, a small bag.) Minute secreting bags which commonly 

 open upon mucous membranes. 



FossiLiFERous. (Lat. fossilis, any thing dug out of the earth ; and ferro, I bear.) 



