384 GLOSSARY. 



Radiata. (liat. rctflinft, a ray.) The name of tlie lowest primary division of the 



animal kingdom. 

 Ramose. (Lat. 7'nr??ms, a branch.) Branched. 

 Renifoum. (Lat. ren, a kidney.) Kidney-shaped. 

 Reptilia. (Lat. repto, I creep.) The class of Vertebrate animals with imperfect 



respiration and cold blood. 

 Rete Mucosum. The cellular layer between the scarf-skin and true skin, which is 



the seat of the peculiar colour of the skin. 

 Rhyncholithes. (Gr. rhunchos, a beak ; lithos,a stone.) Beak-shaped fossils ; the 



extremities of the mandibles of Cephalopods, allied to the Nautilus. 

 Rotifera. (Lat. rota, a wheel; fero, I bear.) The name of the class of infusorial 



animalcules, characterised by the vibratile and apparently rotating ciliary organs 



upon the head. 



Sat.pians. (Gr. 5'aZpe, a kind of fish. ) The order of tunicated Mollusca which 



float in the open sea. 

 Sarcofhaga. (Gr. sarx, flesh; phago, I eat.) Flesh-eating animals. 

 Sacciform. Shaped like a sac or bag. 

 ScuTiBRAXCHiATA. (Lat. scutum, a shield; branchia, gills.) The order of gas- 



teropodous Mollusca, in which the gills are protected by a shield-shaped shell. 

 Sebaceous. (Lat. se&M??j, tallow. ) Like lard or tallow. 

 Segmentation. The act of dividing into segments. 

 Semilunar. Crescent-shaped, like a half-moon. 

 Sepal. The divisions of the calyx of a flower. 

 Septa. Partitions. 

 Sericteria. (Gr. serikos, silky.) The glands which secrete the silk in the '^ilk- 



worm. 

 Serrated. (Lat. serra, a saw.) Toothed like a saw. 

 Sessile. Attached by a base. 



Set^. (From the Latin for a bristle.) Bristles, or similar parts. 

 Setigerous. Bristly. 

 Siliceous. (Lat. silex, flint.) Flinty. 

 Sinus. A dilated vein or receptacle of blood. 

 SiPHONOsTOMOus. ( Gr. siphoii, a tube ; stoma, a mouth.) Animals furnished with 



a suctorious mouth like a tube. The term is usually applied to Crustacea so 



characterised. 

 Spatulate. {l^at. spatula.) Shaped like a spatula. 

 Spermatheca. (Gr. sperma, seed; theke, sheath.) A receptacle attached to the 



oviducts of insects. 

 Spermatophora. (Gr. sperma ; phero, I bear.) The cylindrical capsules or sheaths 



in the Cephalopods which convey the sperm. They are also called the moving 



filaments of Needham, their discoverer. 

 Spermatozoa. (Gr. sperma j zoon, an animal. ) The peculiar microscopic moving 



filament and essential parts of the fertilising fluid. 

 Sphincter. (Gr, sphigkter.) The circular muscles which contractor close natural 



apeirtures. 

 Spicula. (Lat. spiculum, a point or dart.) Fine pointed bodies like needles. 

 Spinnaret. The articulated tubes with which spiders fabricate their webs. 

 Spiracles. (Lat. spiro, I breathe.) The breathing pores in insects. 

 Squamous. (Lat. *<7Mawia, a scale. ) Arranged like scales. 

 Stemmata. (Lat. stemma. ) The simple and minute eyes of worms, and those which 



are added to the large compound eyes. 

 Sterelmintha. (Gr. stereos, solid; helmins, an intestinal worm.) Intestinal 



worms which have no true abdominal cavity, and which were called " parenchyma- 

 tous" by Cuvier, as the tape-worms. 

 Sternal. The aspect of the body where the sternum or breast bone is situated. 

 Stigmata. (Gr. stigma, a mark.) The breathing pores of insects. 

 Stomato-gastric. (Gr. stoina, a mouth; gaster, a stomach.) The system of 



nerves which are principally distributed upon the stomach and intestinal canal. 

 Strepsiptera. (Gr. strepho, I twist; pteron, a wing.) The singular order of in- 



