10 PARAZOA 



Order HEXACTINELLIDA (glass sponges) 

 (=Triaxonida, Hyalospongiae) 

 Sub-order Hexasterophora 

 Euplectella (Venus's flower basket); Farrea; 

 Aphrocallistes 

 Sub-order Amphidiscophora 



Hyalonema ; Pheronema; Monoraphis 



Class GELATINOSA' 



Order TETRAXONIDA 



Sub-order Homosclerophora 



(=Carnosa, Microsclerophora) 



Plakina; O scare I la; Bajulus; Hexadella; Thrombus 

 Sub-order Streptastrosclerophora 



Thenea 

 Sub-order Astrosclerophora 



Stelletta; Tethya; Chondrosia; Geodia; Tetilla 



( — Craniella); Cliona; Spheciospongia (loggerhead 



sponge); Suberites 

 Sub-order Sigmatosclerophora 



My X ilia; Halichondria; Haliclona ( = Chalina, 



Halina); Microciona; Esperiopsis; Adocia 



( = Remera); Cladorhiza; Spongilla 

 Order KERATOSA* (horny sponges) 



Spongia i—Euspongia) (bath sponge); Halisarca; 



Hircinia; Aplysina; Aplysilla 



Phylum PORIFERA ( = Spongiida, Parazoa) (sponges)^ 



Class CALCAREA 



( = Calcispongiae) Order ASCONOSA (ascon sponges) 



( = Homocoela) 

 Leucosolenia{—Ascute); Clathrina 

 Order SYCONOSA 



( = Heterocoela) 

 Leucilla; Scypha ( = Sycon); Leuconia 

 ( =Leucandra); Grant la (=Sycandra) 

 Class HEXACTEVELLroA (glass sponges) 

 ( =Triaxonida, Hyalospongiae) 



Order HEXASTEROPHORA 



Euplectella (Venus's flower basket) ; Farrea; 

 Aphrocallistes 

 Order AMPHIDISCOPHORA 



Hyalonema ; Pheronema ; Monoraphis 

 Class DEMOSPONGIAE 



Sub-class TETRACTINELLIDA 



Order MYXOSPONGIDA 



Halisarca; Oscarella; Bajulus; Hexadella; Thenea 



' Sometimes considered as a phylum, in which case phylum Parazoa becomes a sub-kingdom. 



* The systematics of this order requires revision. ^ Alternative classification by Hyman (1940). 



