IV 

 ORTHOPTERA 



Grasshoppers, Crickets, etc. 



This is an important group of mostly herbivorous insects 

 of rather large size. The wings when present are straight, 

 as the name* of the order implies, and usually lie flat upon 

 the back with the hind wings folded lengthwise like a fan 

 and covered by the front ones. The mouthparts are formed 

 for chewing. The tarsi are 1- to 5-jointed. 



This order includes: 



I. The true, or jumping Orthoptera. 



1. Short-horned and pygmy grasshoppers. 



2. Long-horned grasshoppers and katydids. 



3. Crickets. 



II. The Orthoptera allies. 



1. Running Orthoptera — cockroaches. 



2. Grasping Orthoptera — mantids. 



3. Walking Orthoptera — walking sticks. 



The jumping Orthoptera have these common features: 



1. Long, strong, hind legs, with enlarged muscular 

 femora, spiny tibia and stout claws. 



2. Strong biting jaws of the type already studied, but 



* Orthos, straight, and pteron, wing. Named by "the immortal Swede" 

 Linnaeus, on the basis of wing characters, as are many of the other orders 

 of insects. 



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