ORTHOPTERA 43 



grasshopper molts its skin five times before reaching maturity, 

 and grows each time a new skin of larger size. At first it is 

 soft and pale, but soon the new chitin hardens and takes on 

 color. 



B. The Study of Preserved Specimens. 



I. Short-homed grasshoppers. With a specimen in hand 

 note again the division of the body and appendages into 

 regions and segments, as outlined in the first lesson (pp. 

 4 to 11). Then proceed to examine more in detail some of the 

 structures peculiar to this group. 



In the head note: 



1. The long, many-jointed antennae. 



2. The large compound eyes, and the three small, shining, 

 beadlike ocelli on the top of the head between them. 



3. The mouthparts; a broad, two-lobed labrum, and 

 beneath it, mandibles, maxillae and labium somewhat 

 of the form shown in figure 3. 



In the thorax note: 



1. The shield-like prothorax. 



2. The bulky syn thorax, its last segment (the meta- 

 thorax) expanded, especially on the ventral side, to 

 accommodate the muscles involved in both flying and 

 jumping. 



3. The legs. Note especially in the huge hind legs: 



(a) The club-shaped femur, its outer face having a 

 braided appearance from impressed lines that 



