732 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 14 



Family Flustrellidae Hincks, 1880 



PiM^ Zoaria incrusting or rising in flabellate extensions. The aperture is 



( » bilabiate, closed by two lip-like flaps that are supported by chitinous 



jy rims. The analogy has been drawn by earlier authors, commenting on 



'^ the resemblance of the aperture of the Flustrellidae to the opening of 



an old fashioned clasp purse. Chitinous spines are present. 



^K5W/t^ Genus FLUSTRELLA Gray, 1848 



Zoaria incrusting, or rising in flattened fan-shaped projections. The 

 zoaria are hispid, with many flexible chitinous spines, which vary in 

 morphology and frequency with the species. The spines originate from 

 kenozooecia. The aperture is bilabiate as described above. Genotype: 

 Flustra hispida Fabricius, 1780. 



Flustrella cornicLilata (Smitt), 1871 

 Plate 77, fig. 9 



Jlcyonidium corniculatum Smitt, 1871:1123. 

 AlcyonidiuTn cervicornis Robertson, 1900-330. 

 Alcyonidium spinifera O'Donoghue, 1923:192. 

 Alcyonidium cervicorne, O'Donoghue, 1926:56. 

 Flustrella corniculata, O'Donoghue, 1925:15. 



The zoaria are found in various modes of growth, depending upon 

 the types of substrata. The shape varies from small cylindrical clavate 

 colonies to large foliaceous flattened expansions. The color may range 

 from pale tan to dark brown. Macroscopically, the zoaria have a coarse 

 "fuzzy" appearance due to the presence of numerous chitinous spines. 

 These spines arise from modified zooecia scattered abundantly among 

 the functional zooecia. Most commonly the spines have four prongs. 

 However, there are also spines bearing six prongs, and some with but 

 one. The zooecia range in form from an elongated ovoid to hexagonal, 

 usually with distinct lateral walls. The aperture is a narrow transverse 

 slit. Occasionally specimens are found with the apertures slightly raised, 

 at the summits of low papillae. The tentacle number, determined from 

 sections, is 18. 



This species, described from cold European waters, has appeared in 

 the Pacific literature under several different names. Robertson found it 

 in the Alaskan collection of the Harriman Expedition, and O'Donoghue 

 described it from the Vancouver Island region and Puget Sound. 



