EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS 



99 



contracted, crenulatlons very strong; col- 

 or brown or livid flesh with a band of 

 brown spots next suture and elsewhere on 

 surface; many ribs and crenulatlons upon 

 base, ribs touched with brown. Diameter 

 8 inches, usually less. 



Many specimens have been taken 

 alive in Lake Worth, Florida. 

 PI. 37, Fig. 4 

 PI. 36, Fig. 10 



North Carolina to West Indies; Pa- 

 cific 



ARCHITECTONICA DELPHINULOIDES Orbigny. 

 Dolphin Dial. Shell depressed, twelve 

 grooves on body whorl, four on other whorls; 

 margin slightly crenulated; aperture round- 

 ed. Diameter 7.5 mm. 



PI. 37, Fig, 3 



Yamato, east Florida to West Indies 



ARCHITECTONICA CYCLOSTOMA Menke. Round 

 Mouth Dial. Spire of shell elevated; color 

 red or greenish black, often with broken 

 white bands above suture and on periphery; 

 whorls longitudinally striated; ten spiral 

 ribs, the three above periphery the most 

 distinct. Length 13 mm. 



PI. 37, Fig. 8 



Palm Beach, Florida to West Indies 



Family Littorinidae 



Shell without umbilicus, colored; 

 aperture rounded, no notch in lip; opercu- 

 lum horny, pauclspiral, nucleus of opercu- 

 lum peculiar. 



GENUS LITTORINA Ferussac 1888 

 ^^^ERIWINKLES) 



Shell thick; whorls rounded, usual- 

 ly few in number; outer lip acute, the in- 

 ner flattened; aperture entire; operculum 

 spiral, Radula is shown in Fig, 86, 

 page 19, 



Certain of the species rarely, if 

 ever, enter or are covered by the sea, Lit- 

 torina frequently lives upon bushes and 

 trees well back from the shore and Dr, Cooke 

 suggested that it may eventually become a 

 land shell. Cremnoconchus, practically a 

 Littorina in anatomy and radula, exists in 

 India upon rocks 30-50 miles from the sea. 



LITTORINA LITTOREA Linne. Shore Periwinkle. 

 Shell solid, slightly glossy; color red. 



black or brown; rarely ridged but hardly 

 smooth; aperture not so filled up as in L. 

 saxitile; area of columella usually white; 

 whorls six to seven; apex somewhat acute. 

 Length 1 inch. 



This European species is persistent- 

 ly pushing its way southward in this coun- 

 try. It was first reported from Nova Scotia 

 in 1863. It is a rock dweller and although 

 the New Jersey beaches afford no foothold 

 it had reached the jetties at Cape May, New 

 Jersey in 1987. 



PI. 37, Fig. 13 



Labrador to New Jersey 



LITTORINA OBTUSATA Linne (L. palliate Say), 

 Blunt Periwinkle, Shell small, thick, 

 smooth; spire small; usually of one color 

 but sometimes with stripes and spots of 

 varying shades; suture faint; outer lip 

 acute. Length 81 mm. 



The animal's head is orange colored, 

 darker above. It prefers a station exposed 

 to the open sea and clings to rocks and sea- 

 weed, 



PI, 37, Fig. 88 



PI. 70, Fig. 5 



Labrador to New Jersey 



LITTORINA IRRORATA Say, Lined Periwinkle, 

 A chalk-like shell of rather heavy build, 

 yellowish white with tinges of purple upon 

 the apex and elsewhere, columella touched 

 with orange. There are blunt elevated, en- 

 circling lines, a white thick lip inside 

 but with a thin edge. The interior is 

 white. 



It prefers a quiet protected sta- 

 tion, such as a brackish water estuary, 

 where it often climbs upon the grasses. On 

 the Indian River near Coronado Beach, Flori- 

 da, it lives in abundance. Length 1 inch. 



PI 37, Fig. 80 



Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico 



LITTORINA GUTTATA Philippi. Spotted Peri- 

 winkle. Shell thin, flesh color or dirty 

 white, smooth, usually covered with a net- 

 work of fine brown lines arranged in an ob- 

 lique pattern. Length 8 mm. 



PI. 38, Fig, 19 



Florida Keys and West Indies 



SECTION LITTORIVAGA 



LITTORINA SAXITILE Olivi (L, rudis Maton) , 

 Rock Periwinkle, Shell yellowish, ash. 



