ORCULA. 19 



iii, 1789, p. 386, no description; based upon Geoffroy's no. 19, 

 Le grand Barillet, Traite som. Coq. env. Paris, 1767, p. 56. 



Juvenile Stage. — Helix templorum Benoit, Illustr. sist., 

 crit., iconogr. Testae, estramar. Sicilia, 1857, p. 194, pi. 8, f . 2 ; 

 of. Reinhardt, Jahrb. d. m. Ges., iv, 1877, p. 277. — Helix 

 villosula Kokeil, Gallenstein, Karntens Land- und Siiss- 

 wasser-Conchylien, Jahrb. naturhist. Landesmuseums von 

 Karnten, 1852, p. 64 (in der Satnitz; P. doliolum also there, 

 p. 78). — Helix spinosa Ferussac, olim, according to Hart- 

 mann, Pfr., Monogr., ii, 327 (not traced by H. A. P.). 



This common shell differs from the larger forms of the 

 dolium group inhabiting part of the same region by its 

 smaller diameter and well-reflected lip. The similarly shaped 

 0. scyphus graecus does not have spaced epidermal riblets, 

 and the lainellas are more enlarged within the last whorl. 



Piaget (Ann. Mag. N. H., 2d ser., xiii, p. 456) was, I be- 

 lieve, the first to notice that four or five upper whorls of 

 young specimens are furnished with epidermal ribs termin- 

 ating just above the suture in short, triangular spines. These 

 are usually worn off in the adult stage. The supposed species 

 Helix villomla and templorum were founded upon this early 

 neanic stage. 



The earliest name for this species appears to be Helix coro- 

 nata Studer. It rests upon a description of Geoffroy, which 

 seems to me quite sufficient. However, since European stu- 

 dents appear to have thought otherwise, I hesitate to substi- 

 tute that name for the universally used doliolum. 



Many mutations, ecologic or local forms have been named, 

 most of them probably not races, but included here for what 

 they are worth. 



Locard defined the following variations in Etudes Varia- 

 tions Malacologiques, i, 1880, p. 267, under Pupa doliolum: 



Major Loc. Shell measuring more than 7 mm. long, nearly 

 cylindric, quite regular, slightly more swollen above, covered 

 with low stria?. Environs of Lyons and Grenoble. 



Minor Loc. Smaller than the type but with the same num- 

 ber of whorls, not over 4 mm. long, short, compact, swollen 

 above, striae well marked. Environs de Lyon, le bas Bugey. 



