LAURIA. 49 



Benoit, 111. Test, sist., crit,, iconogr., Test, estramar. Sieilia 

 ult,, 1857, p. 144, pi. 4, f . 7 ; cf . Reinhaedt, Jahrb. d. m. Ges., 

 1877, p. 283.— ? Pupa concolor ZgL, Menke, Syn. Meth. Moll, 

 in Mus. Menkeano, 1828, p. 18, name only, but with query 

 whether it may be a toothless P. umbilicata Dr. 



This abundant species is readily known by the small an- 

 gular lamella, continued inward thread-like, the thickened, 

 reflected lip and tapering-cylindroid form. According to 

 Boycott it occurs chiefly about ivy-covered stone walls, ledges 

 with grass and leaves in limestone quarries, also on trees and 

 among stones and rubbish. These conditions being commonly 

 found in cultivated districts, it has been accidentally carried 

 about with plants etc., thus reaching such remote spots as St. 

 Helena, Jamaica and other islands. 



In many museum lots there are short specimens such as fig. 

 2, together with the longer ones. Westerlund has called these 

 form curt a. Exactly the same dimorphism is seen in ancon- 

 ostoma, where the smaller form has been called curta Lowe. 



In Transcaucasia, Boettger notes that at Helenendorf there 

 is no columellar lamella ; the lip is broadly reflected, flat, white 

 or with a brownish cast. L. 3%, d. 2y± mm. Similar but 

 smaller ones from Derbent, where it is common, 3% x 2 mm. 

 In Kusary the umbilicus is broader with sharper keel, a tran- 

 sition to var. umbilicus Roth ; abundant ; 3y 2 x 2 mm. Those 

 from Schach-Dagh are similar. At Mamudly and Zalka 

 (Jahrb., vi, 30) the specimens are like small English ones. 



Named varieties and mutations follow, the original descrip- 

 tions being quoted. 



Form ederitula Gray. Mouth without teeth; England. 

 This apparently includes form inermis West. (Fauna Euro- 

 pa?a, 1876, p. 184. Aperture entirely toothless. Visby, Sweden. 



Mut. edentula Jeffreys (Brit. Conch., i, 1862, p. 247). 

 Columellar tooth wanting. Name preoccupied by Gray, 1840. 

 Mut. alba Jeffr., I. c. Shell white or colorless. A specimen 

 from Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire (G. C. Spence), is fig- 

 ured, pi. 6, fig. 3. It has also been referred to as P. umbilicata 

 var. albina (Ashford, J. of Conch., iv, 312, and by various 

 continental authors). 



Form gracilis Issel. Smaller, more elongate than the type, 



