MADEIRAN SPECIES OF LAURIA. 87 



corneous shell, closely related to L. anglica but decidedly 

 narrower. Known to me by Bourguignat's account only. 



Letourneux mentioned, but did not describe, a var. zonata. 

 Being a nude name, this does not prejudice the use of the 

 same term for a Caucasian species. 



Modi Iran Species. 



Here the Laurie have become adapted to both extremely 

 wet and to arid stations, some living on or under rocks, 

 others on plants; and here they have undergone greater 

 structural modification than in any other area. This radia- 

 tion is partially expressed in the classification into several 

 sections : 



Scarab clla, for species 25, L. cassida. 



Leiostyla restricted, for species 26 to 45. 



Wollastonula, for species 46, L. gibba. 



Maxtula, for species 47, L. lamcllosa. 



By having an upper-palatal fold in many species the 

 Madeiran forms are more primitive than the L. anglica. 

 series; but this fold is present also in some other peripheral 

 species in the Azores and Caucasus. 



A key to the species may be found on pages 69 to 73. 



The literature of Madeiran Pupillidfe is rather extensive, 

 but the publications of Lowe and "Wollaston contain nearly 

 all that is original or of value. "Wollaston 's Testacea 

 Atlantica, though without descriptions or figures, is indis- 

 pensable for its critical notes on these as well as on all other 

 land shells of the Atlantic islands. It has been quoted freely 

 in the following pages. 



Very few adequate illustrations of these shells have ap- 

 peared ; those now offered are from specimens out of the 

 Lowe-Wollaston collection, supplemented by others from 

 various sources, some of them from the collection of Mr. J. 

 R. Le B. Tomlin, who gave various rare species and lent 

 others in order that the monograph might be complete. 

 Only L. degenerata is wanting in the series at hand. 



Titles of the chief publications on Madeiran Pupillidae fol- 

 low : 



